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Biochemistry Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Biology

A list of 69 terms and definitions related to biochemistry, including topics such as cell structure, protein function, dna, enzymes, and metabolism. Each term is defined in a concise and clear manner, making it a useful study guide for students of biochemistry or related fields.

Typology: Quizzes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 12/15/2011

hoopsm7
hoopsm7 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
Berry Marshall
DEFINITION 1
Official treatment of Ulcers is Anitbiotics
TERM 2
Eukarya Domain
DEFINITION 2
Protist
Plant
Animal
Fungus
TERM 3
Electrostatic Attraction
DEFINITION 3
A negative charged ion and a positive charged ion
TERM 4
Valid Hypothesis
DEFINITION 4
Examples
all cells have a nucleus
All onion cells have a nucleus
All bacteria cells have a nucleus
NOT Valid- Some frog epithelial cells have a nucleus
TERM 5
Prion Disease
DEFINITION 5
Damages the brain by refolding the cells normal protein into
a disease causing form
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Berry Marshall

Official treatment of Ulcers is Anitbiotics TERM 2

Eukarya Domain

DEFINITION 2 Protist Plant Animal Fungus TERM 3

Electrostatic Attraction

DEFINITION 3 A negative charged ion and a positive charged ion TERM 4

Valid Hypothesis

DEFINITION 4 Examples all cells have a nucleus All onion cells have a nucleus All bacteria cells have a nucleus NOT Valid- Some frog epithelial cells have a nucleus TERM 5

Prion Disease

DEFINITION 5 Damages the brain by refolding the cells normal protein into a disease causing form

Peptide Bonds

collagen hemoglobin Anitbody Enzyme TERM 7

High Standard

Deviation

DEFINITION 7 Was produced by too small of a sample size TERM 8

Least Soluble in Water

DEFINITION 8 C4H9OH TERM 9

pH of 10

DEFINITION 9 Has a hydrogen ion concentration which is one hundred times less than a solution with a pH of 8 TERM 10

Functional Group common to Aldehydes and

ketones?

DEFINITION 10 Carbonyl Group

Pentose Monosaccharide in ATP and RNA

ribose TERM 17

Starch: Plant Cells ?:Animal Cells

DEFINITION 17 Glycogen TERM 18

Pyrimidine Nitrogenous Base in DNA and

RNA

DEFINITION 18 Cytosine TERM 19

Saturated Hydrocarbons

DEFINITION 19 they would tend to be foundmore-soin fats than oils The maximum number of hydrogens are bonded to each of the carbon atoms The bonds between carbon atoms are all single nonpolar covalent bonds TERM 20

Six elements that make up 99% of all

compounds of life

DEFINITION 20 Nonmetals

Determines the primary level of protein

sturcture

DNA

TERM 22

Gold Foil

Experiment

DEFINITION 22 Most mass associated with the atom is in the nucleus The atom contains a very small central nucleus the nucleus is the center of the positive charge of an atom Most of the atom is empty space TERM 23

Adenosine Triphosphate

DEFINITION 23 The molecule which serves as theimmediatesource ofenergyfor many biological processes TERM 24

Electrons of an Atom

DEFINITION 24 Electrons are in constant motion outside of the nucleus The number of valence electrons determines the chemicalre-activityof the atom Tend to occupy orbitals within energy levels and maximum of twoelectronscan be in each orbital They have an equal but opposite charge to a proton TERM 25

Amphipathic

DEFINITION 25 C5H11OH

Unicellular Eukaryote

Protista TERM 32

Tertiary Level

DEFINITION 32 Level of protein structure in which side groups of nonadjacent amino acids of the same polypeptide chain interact with one another TERM 33

Viagra

DEFINITION 33 Increases nitric oxide production in blood vessel wall cells TERM 34

DNA and Globular Proteins Both?

DEFINITION 34 contain hydrogen bonds within their structure TERM 35

Uncontrolled Independent Variable

DEFINITION 35 Variable that which is different for each group in the experiment and the researcher is in control of altering

Isotopes

Same atomic number TERM 37

Isomers

DEFINITION 37 example: Maltose and lactose TERM 38

ATP

DEFINITION 38 Has two high energy bonds present in one molecule TERM 39

Biochemistry

DEFINITION 39 The branch of organic chemistry that deals with carbon containing molecules that are important to life TERM 40

Peptide Bond: Polypeptide

?:Phospholipids

DEFINITION 40 Ester

Mean

Set of numerical data is averaged by calculation TERM 47

Amino Group

DEFINITION 47 The name of the function group which is capable of acting as a base and accepting a H+ ion to becomepositivelycharged TERM 48

Amyelopectin

DEFINITION 48 Branched form of starch TERM 49

Amylose

DEFINITION 49 Unbranched form of starch TERM 50

Enzymes

DEFINITION 50 Protein catalysts which tend to increase the rate of a biochemical reaction

Chromosomes

Threads of DNA and protein that carry the genes TERM 52

Aster Rays

DEFINITION 52 Structure composed of microtubles and located at each pole of the mitotic spindle in animal cells TERM 53

Growth Factors

DEFINITION 53 Chemicals which bind to cell membrane receptors to create a signal cascade that leads to DNAreplicationand cell division TERM 54

Kinetichore

DEFINITION 54 Specialized disk shaped structure made of microtubles that attach mitotic spindle to the centromere TERM 55

Entropy

DEFINITION 55 Measurement of disorder of a system

Histones

Positively charged proteins that aid in the collapsing and folding of the DNA molecule into bundles TERM 62

Nucleosome

DEFINITION 62 complex of eight histone proteins and 146 nucleotides of DNA wrapped twice around the histones TERM 63

Homolog

DEFINITION 63 One member of a pair of chromosomes which is of either maternal or paternal orign TERM 64

Equilibrium

DEFINITION 64 Established when the rate of a forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction TERM 65

Cyclins

DEFINITION 65 chemicals which regulate the cells passage through various stages of mitosis as their levels rise and fall

Mitosis

Process by which somatic cells divide Process which maintains the diploid number of chromosomes Process by which a eukaryotic unicellular organism divides asexually Process involved in cleavage, morphogenesis,and differentiation of an embyro TERM 67

Fertilization

DEFINITION 67 Process by which restores the diploid number of chromosomes from the union of two haploid gametes TERM 68

Binary Fission

DEFINITION 68 Process by which a porkaryotic unicellular organism divides asexually TERM 69

Meiosis

DEFINITION 69 Process which reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid Process by which gametes are formed fromt eh germ cells of gonads of sexually reproducing organisms