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Definitions and explanations for various terms and concepts related to buddhism and tibetan culture. Topics include sinhalese farmers in sri lanka, buddhism and its teachings, the buddha, the middleway teaching, the four noble truths, the noble eightfold path, percepts, the two main denominations of buddhism, and various practices and figures in tibetan buddhism. The document also touches upon the history and distribution of buddhism in asia.
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Sri Lanka (Ceglon) / Tropics. A lot of culture derived from ancient India. National religion is Buddhism. TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 Based on life teachings of Sidhartha Gantama. TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 The enlightened one. (Called this after death.) TERM 4
DEFINITION 4
DEFINITION 5 The Four Noble Truths (Sanskrit: catvri ryasatyni) are an important principle in Buddhism, and were classically taught by the Buddha in the Dharmacakra Pravartana Stra. 1. Dissatisfaction 2. Self-centered attitude 3. Remove self- centered attitude 4. Follow noble eightfold path
The Noble Eightfold Path (Sanskrit: '), is one of the principal teachings of the Buddha, who described it as the way leading to the cessation of suffering (dukkha) and the achievement of self- awakening. 1. Right views 2. Right aspirations 3. Right speech / don't harm others by speech 4. Right conduct / don't harm others by conduct 5. Right livelihood / don't harm other's how you earn your living 6. Right effort / don't give up 7. Right mindfulness / always be aware of state of body and mind; no negative emotions
DEFINITION 7
DEFINITION 8
DEFINITION 9 If you want to become enlightened you must become enlightened for the sake of helping others. TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 Personification of positive qualities. Meditate on positive qualities. Presents ideas in form of Buddha, or ancient Indian princes or princesses.
First one joined with Altan-Khan. Religious prestiges backed up Mongols war prestige. - Means: Teacher who's wisdom is as wide as the ocean. - Reincarnation - Each Dalai Lama is a reincarnation of a previous one. - Leaves series of clues where to look for his reincarnation when he knows he is about to die. TERM 17
DEFINITION 17 Declared independence under the 13th and 14th Dalai Lamas. (1912-1959) Chinese took over Tibet in 1959. TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 Number about 4.5 million people. In China, Tibetans live in 4 Chinese provinces to the East of Tibetan provinces. -Ching Hai - Kansu: SW. Has a lot of Tibetans -Szechuan: Largest most populated province of western China. - Yunnan: N. Part is widely Tibetan TERM 19
DEFINITION 19 Drogpa or Brogpa. -Live at highest elevations >12,000 to 17,000 ft. above sea-level >Live by pasturalism (herd of animals) TERM 20
DEFINITION 20 Samabrog -Live in villages at slightly lower elevations -Live ad farmers and pasturalist -Grow barley in villages and keep animals
Rohgpa -Live in river valleys -Live by growing Barley (ingredient in beer) TERM 22
DEFINITION 22
DEFINITION 23 Keeping domesticated animals. -Yak: Well adapted to high altitudes and cold temps. Good work ethic. Require a lot of food (oats). -Sheep: Individual family may have 700. Kept for wool. Sometimes eaten. -Horses: Transportation. Used in warfare (traditionally). -Cattle: Crossbred with yaks sometimes. Offsprings give off good milk. Some Nomads believe it is bad luck to do this. - Camels -Dogs: Bred a Mastif (big and most dangerous dogs). Watch-dog. Willingly take on wolves. -Cats: Keep down mice. TERM 24
DEFINITION 24
DEFINITION 25 A chuba is a long sheepskin coat made of thick Tibetan wool worn by many of the nomadic peoples of high altitude in the cold mountains of Tibet.
Typically held in the summertime. Purpose of festival is to worship the Gyalpo (protective dieties) which are guardian God's and Goddesses. Pre-Buddhist Bon idea. Obo is an outdoor alter (basically a fitted pile of uncut stones). Obo faces sacred mountain. People make offerings (milk, barley flower, barley beer) and ask for protections. Each man sticks arrow in the ground. TERM 32
DEFINITION 32 First marriage usually arranged by parents. Astrology determines a lot of aspects of marriage. If the couple has a good astrology report. Engagement is considered a trial marriage; couple is encouraged to sleep together and divorces are not really acceptable. Bride and mother buy several years of new clothes and make sure they are made correctly. Wedding takes place at grooms home. Bride arrives on horseback with men of family. Bride's mother usually never comes because it's considered to be too sad. Groom invites both sides of the family. Each guest presents bride/groom with khata scarves and money. Most common form of marriage is monogamy. TERM 33
DEFINITION 33 Common gift. Usually white. Give/received on special occasions (formal). Formally sets up engagement. TERM 34
DEFINITION 34 Pre-Buddhist blessing. Done with arrow. Buddhist nuns and monks cannot conduct. Priest of Bon reliegion can conduct blessing along with Lama (Teacher/Master). Take actual arrow with ribbons attached and wave over head of bride and groom. Good wealth, health, and fertility.