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Osmoregulation and Excretion in Animals: Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Biology

Definitions for various terms related to osmoregulation and excretion in animals. Topics include the regulation of solute concentrations and water balance in freshwater, desert, and marine animals, as well as the role of transport epithelia and excretory systems in waste disposal. The document also covers the importance of nitrogenous wastes and their disposal methods in different animal groups.

Typology: Quizzes

2014/2015

Uploaded on 04/07/2015

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TERM 1
Osmoregulation
DEFINITION 1
regulates solute concentrations and balances the gain and
loss of water, it balances the uptake and loss of water and
solutes
TERM 2
Freshwater animals
DEFINITION 2
show adaptations that reduce water uptake and conserve
solutes
TERM 3
desert and marine animals
DEFINITION 3
face desiccating environments that quickly deplete body
water
TERM 4
excretion
DEFINITION 4
gets rid of nitrogenous metabolites and other waste products
TERM 5
osmoconformers
DEFINITION 5
are isoosmotic with their surroundings and do not regulate
their osmolarity
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Osmoregulation

regulates solute concentrations and balances the gain and loss of water, it balances the uptake and loss of water and solutes TERM 2

Freshwater animals

DEFINITION 2 show adaptations that reduce water uptake and conserve solutes TERM 3

desert and marine animals

DEFINITION 3 face desiccating environments that quickly deplete body water TERM 4

excretion

DEFINITION 4 gets rid of nitrogenous metabolites and other waste products TERM 5

osmoconformers

DEFINITION 5 are isoosmotic with their surroundings and do not regulate their osmolarity

osmoregulators

expend energy to control water uptake and loss in a hyperosmotic or hypoosmotic environment TERM 7

Stenohaline

DEFINITION 7 most animals are this, means they cannot tolerate substantial changes in external osmolarity TERM 8

Euryhaline

DEFINITION 8 animals can survive large fluctuations in external osmolarity TERM 9

marine animals

DEFINITION 9 most marine invertebrates are osmoconformers, vertebrates and some invertebrates are osmoregulators TERM 10

Hypoosmotic?

DEFINITION 10 marine bony fishes are hypo osmotic to sea water, they lose water by osmosis and gain salt by diffusion and from food. They balance water loss by drinking seawater and exerting salts.

desert animals

get major water savings from simple anatomical features and behaviors such as nocturnal life cycle TERM 17

energetics of osmoregulation

DEFINITION 17 osmoregulators must expend energy to maintain osmotic gradients TERM 18

transport epithelia

DEFINITION 18 -are specialized epithelial cells that regulate solute movement- they are essential component in regulation and waste disposal-they are arranged in complex tubular networksex: salt glands of marine birds, which remove excess sodium chloride from the blood. TERM 19

transport epithelia in osmoregulation

DEFINITION 19 animals regulate composition of body fluid that bathes their cells. TERM 20

nitrogenous wastes?

DEFINITION 20 an animalsnitrogenous wastes reflect its phylogeny and habitat. the type and quantity of an animals waste products may greatly affect its water balance.

Ammonia NH

some animals convert toxic ammonia to less toxic compounds prior to excretion TERM 22

Important wastes?

DEFINITION 22 among the most important wastes are nitrogenous breakdown products of proteins and nucleic acids. TERM 23

Waste dispersal in fish

DEFINITION 23 NH3 comes straight outbecause they live in water environment and the water will make it less toxic. the fish can save energy by doing this. TERM 24

Waste dispersal in mammals most

amphibians, sharks

DEFINITION 24 changes waste to Urea TERM 25

Waste disposal in birds, reptiles

insects

DEFINITION 25 Turns to uric acid takes a lot of energy but bird conserves water this way

protonephridia

-found in platyhelminths, rotifers, annelids, mollusk larvae and lancelets-a network of dead-end tubules connected to external openings-the smallest branches of the network are capped by a cellular unit called a flame bulb TERM 32

metanephridia

DEFINITION 32 consists of tubules that collect coelomic fluid and produce dilute urine for excretion TERM 33

Insects waste

DEFINITION 33 insects produce a relatively dry waste matter, an important adaption to terrestrial life TERM 34

malpighian tubules

DEFINITION 34 in insects and other terrestrial arthropods, they remove the nitrogenous wastes from hemolymph and function in osmoregulation. TERM 35

Mammalian excretory system

DEFINITION 35 centers on paired kidneys, which are also the principal site of water balance and salt regulation

Kidney

each kidney is supplied with blood by a renal artery and drained by renal vein TERM 37

urine

DEFINITION 37 urine exits each kidney through a duct called the ureter TERM 38

Ureters

DEFINITION 38 both ureters drain into a common urinary bladder and urine is expelled through a urethra TERM 39

Adaptions of kidney

DEFINITION 39 the form and function of nephrons in various vertebrates classes are related to requirements for osmoregulation in the animals habitat TERM 40

Mammals

DEFINITION 40 the juxtamedullary nephron contributes to water conservation in terrestrial animals

amphibians

kidney function is similar to freshwater fishes, amphibians conserve water fishes on land by reabsorbing water from the urinary bladder TERM 47

marine bony fishes

DEFINITION 47 marine bony fishes are hypoosmotic compared with their environment and excrete very little urine TERM 48

Hormonal circuits

DEFINITION 48 link kidney function, water balance, and blood pressure TERM 49

Osmolarity

DEFINITION 49 mammals control the volume and osmolarity of urine to maintain solutes homeostasis and also to control blood pressure, pH and CO2 balance TERM 50

how urine is regulated

DEFINITION 50 the osmolarity of the urine is regulated by nervous and hormonal control of water and salt reabsorption in the kidneys

ADH Antidiuretic

hormone

increases water reabsorption in the distal tubules and collecting duct of the kidney TERM 52

Increase in

osmolarity

DEFINITION 52 triggers the release of ADH, which helps to conserve water TERM 53

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)

DEFINITION 53 is part of a complex feedback circuit that functions in homeostasis TERM 54

Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)

DEFINITION 54 A drop in blood pressure near the glomerulus causes the JGA to release the enzyme renin TERM 55

Renin

DEFINITION 55 Renin then triggers the formation of the peptide angiotensin II