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FINAL- BIOS252 BIOS 252 (Latest 2023 2024) Anatomy And
Physiology II With Lab - Chamberlain
- Which of the following is not included in a definition of biological sex? a. sex hormones b. X and Y chromosomes c. Sexual orientation
d. All of the these define biological sex ✔✔c. Sexual orientation
- Which of the following was true o the women's health movement of the 60s and 700s? a. It actually began in the 1920s b. It emphasized medical self-awareness c. It sought to ban the bra which was thought to lead to the development of breast cancer
d. It sought to exclude men from the medical profession, especially gynecology ✔✔b. It emphasized medical self-awareness
- In the late 1960s, which of the following represented feminist concerns about women's health? a. Paternalistic doctor-patient relationships b. Medicalization of normal life events such as pregnancy, menopause, and menstruation c. Mental health defined in terms of social and cultural expectations of the feminine role
d. All of these ✔✔d. All of these
- Before the 1990s, reasons for not including women in randomized trials of drugs included all but: a. Women were thought to be "little men" with respect to response to medications b. Women were considered second class citizen c. Thalidomide and DES tragedies
d. Protectionism ✔✔b. Women were considered second class citizen
- In determining sex using bones, which of the following is NOT true? a. Long bones are less accurate than cranium b. The pelvis is considered best to determine sex c. The male cranium tends to be rounder and has less obvious brow ridges d. The pelvis of any one individual may have some characteristics typical of the opposite sex ✔✔c. The male cranium tends to be rounder and has less obvious brow ridges
- The following anatomic part is softened and streteched during pregnancy to facilitate childbirth? a. Ischial tuberosity b. Pony pelvis c. Innominate bone
d. Pubic symphysis ✔✔d. Pubic symphysis
- A pile of bones is found in the woods. As a forensic pathologist, you are called in (of course it's 3 am). You pick up the pelvis and state unequivocally that the bones belong to a male. Which of the following combinations of observations tell you this? a. Narrow subpubic angle (<90), oval shaped pelvic opening, sacrum angled back b. Narrow subpubic angle, heart-shaped pelvic opening, sacrum angled down c. Wide subpubic angle (>90), oval shaped pelvic opening, sacrum angled down
d. Wide subpubic angle, heart-shaped pelvic opening, sacrum angled back ✔✔b. Narrow subpubic angle, heart-shaped pelvic opening, sacrum angled down
- Major nominal bacterial residents that produce acidic pH in the vagina during child-bearing years: a. Neisseria gonorrhoeae b. Lactobacilli c. Gardnerella vaginales
d. Staphylococcus ✔✔b. Lactobacilli
- Testosterone is produced in: a. Pituitary gland b. Testes c. Prostate d. Epididymis ✔✔b. Testes
- Which of the following helps sperm survive in the internal female environment by adjusting the pH of semen and providing alkaline conditions? a. Vas deferens b. Prostate c. Seminal vesicle
d. Cowper's glands ✔✔b. Prostate
- Sperm are produced in the a. Interstitial cells of testes b. Seminiferous tubules of testes c. Prostate
d. Epididymis ✔✔b. Seminiferous tubules of testes
- The fate of most primary oocytes in the ovary is a. Atresia (disintegration) b. Ovulation c. Latency d. Growth ✔✔a. Atresia (disintegration)
- Stretching and weakening of pelvic floor muscles and ligaments can result in a. Urinary incontinence b. Uterine prolapse c. Adhesions d. A and b are both correct ✔✔d. A and b are both correct
- Kegels are useful exercises for a. Sexual and urological function in men b. Labor and childbirth c. Pelvic floor 'muscle tone' in women
d. Any or all of these ✔✔d. Any or all of these
- Which of the following is NOT true about female anatomy? a. Compared to men, women tend to be more susceptible to bladder infections because of a shorter urethra b. An intact hymen is proof of virginity c. Clitoral tissue extends far beyond the location of the clitoris d. The vagina "tents" during sexual arousal, growing somewhat larger to accommodate an
average-sized penis ✔✔b. An intact hymen is proof of virginity
- Male sterilization involves cutting and "tying off" or cauterizing the a. Epididymis b. Vas deferens c. Seminal vesicles d. Prostate ✔✔b. Vas deferens
- This male reproductive body part may cause urinary tract problems (e.g. incontinence, leakage. Infection) with age due to enlargement ("hypertrophy") a. Epididymis b. Vas deferens c. Seminal vesicles
d. Prostate ✔✔d. Prostate
- Treatment of a prolapsed uterus may include all but a. Kegels if mild b. Use of devices such as pessaries or "slings" c. Weight lifting to increase pubococcygeus muscle strength d. Surgery if severe ✔✔c. Weight lifting to increase pubococcygeus muscle strength
- The endometrium refers to the a. Inner lining of the uterus b. Inner oviduct lining
c. Area between internal os and external os
d. Lining of the upper area of the uterus (fundus) ✔✔a. Inner lining of the uterus
- The "guardian" of the uterus a. Vagina b. Cervix c. Hymen d. Drax the destroyer ✔✔b. Cervix
- A term for the visible female external genitalia is a. Mons pubis b. Vulva c. Labia
d. Vestibule ✔✔b. Vulva
- Which of the following is NOT true? a. The lining of the fallopian tubes has many folds and ciliated cells that help propel the egg in place ("tube locking") to facilitate fertilization b. There is a direct connection between fallopian tubes and the ovaries c. Fimbriae are finger-like extensions of the fallopian tubes
d. In tubule sterilization, the fallopian tubes are cut and tied, clipped, or scarred ✔✔b. There is a direct connection between fallopian tubes and the ovaries
- A small insignificant membrane of mythological proportions and no known function is the a. Hymen b. Clitoris c. G-spot
d. Vulva ✔✔a. Hymen
- The function of the pubic hair is a. As a visual indicator of sexual maturity b. No real proof of purpose c. Reduction of friction during intercourse
d. Protection of the sensitive pubic area from infections and irritants ✔✔b. No real proof of purpose
- Powerhouse of sensation and pleasure, include cruri ("legs") extending back toward, and surrounding, the vagina a. Hymen b. Clitoris c. G-spot d. Vuvla ✔✔b. Clitoris
b. pH c. Body temperature d. Blood glucose concentration ✔✔a. Labor and delivery
- The term "nulliparous" means a. Virgin b. Never been pregnant c. Multiple pregnancies
d. Never had an orgasm ✔✔b. Never been pregnant
- These glands moisten the vaginal opening during arousal and can get obstructed (cysts) or infected (e.g. abscesses) a. Bartholin's glands b. Cowper's glands c. Skene's glands
d. Seminal vesicles ✔✔a. Bartholin's glands
- Sperm mature and are stored in this long, twisty location a. Epididymis b. Seminiferous tubules c. Vas deferens d. Ejaculatory duct ✔✔a. Epididymis
- The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) was a randomized placebo-controlled trial set up in the early 1990s to study effects of a. Hormone replacement therapy b. DES c. Thalidomide
d. Cardiovascular drugs on blood pressure ✔✔a. Hormone replacement therapy
- What happens to cervical mucus around the time of ovulation? a. Is not produce b. Get thicker c. Gets thinner
d. Contains fructose for sperm nourishment ✔✔c. Gets thinner
- _______ organ system is involved in storing calcium a. Skeletal b. Skin c. Digestive d. Kidney ✔✔a. Skeletal
- An episiotomy involves cutting of __________ during childbirth to prevent tearing a. Vaginal opening b. Perineum c. Urethra d. Labia ✔✔b. Perineum
- An example of negative feedback would be all but a. Fever b. Glucose concentration in blood c. pH
d. Body temperature ✔✔a. Fever
- Menstrual bleeding is due to oozing from a. Clots b. Spiral vessels c. Cervical glands
d. Endometrial glands ✔✔b. Spiral vessels
- Pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) occurs in __ women a. All b. 5% or less of c. About half of d. About 90% of ✔✔b. 5% or less of
- When a young girl starts her menstrual cycle, this is referred to as a. Patriarche b. Menarche c. Maniache
d. Puberty ✔✔b. Menarche
- The period in a woman's life when ovarian activity ceases is commonly called a. Menarche b. Menopause c. Atresia
d. Female senility ✔✔b. Menopause
- Primary amenorrhea (not having a period) can be caused by a. Reproductive tract defects b. Chromosomal abnormalities c. Body fat that is too low d. Any of these ✔✔d. Any of these
- Suspicious bleeding in post-menopausal 65-year-old woman could be done to a. Fibroids b. Endometriosis c. Vaginal atrophy
d. Endometrial cancer ✔✔d. Endometrial cancer
- Skin conditions affecting the body might also appear on the vulva and a. May be due to allergies b. Are always sexually transmitted c. Can cause itching and burning
d. A and C ✔✔d. A and C
- A woman comes into the emergency with pain and a lump in the vulvar areas. She has trouble sitting. She is a sexually active woman and reports a creamy discharge. External examination reveals a cyst-like lump near the vaginal opening. a. Vulvar cancer b. Sebaceous cyst c. Bartholin's gland cyst due to gonorrhea d. Infected in-grown hair from a Brazilian she just had done ✔✔c. Bartholin's gland cyst due to gonorrhea
- A syndrome characterized by pain and burning of the vulva especially around the vaginal opening can lead to mild distress or even incapacitation and can interfere with a woman's emotional well-being. This syndrome is diagnosed by sensitivity in various locations often using a "Q-tip test" a. Vulvodynia b. Usually psychogenic c. Fornier's foyer
d. A and C ✔✔a. Vulvodynia
- A Pap smear is used to detect a. Vaginal cancer b. Ovarian cancer c. Vulvar cancer d. Cervical cancer ✔✔b. Ovarian cancer
- A condition involving reflex of the pubococcygeus muscle making vaginal penetration extremely painful, if not impossible is a. Pubocoxia b. Vaginal atrophy c. Vaginismus
d. Vulvodynia ✔✔c. Vaginismus
- What kind of cancer(s) is (are) associated with certain serotypes of HPV? a. Cervical b. Anal c. Colon d. A and B ✔✔d. A and B
- Which of the following sexually transmitted infections cannot be treated with antibiotics? a. Chlamydia b. HPV c. Gonorrhea
d. Syphilis ✔✔b. HPV
- Which of the following is NOT true about Chlamydia infections? a. Itching and burning and a clear discharge are typical for this type of infection in males with symptoms b. Chlamydia, like pubic lice, can be transmitted by toilet seats/ urinals and sheets in dirty hotels c. Chlamydia is not sensitive to penicillin d. Women don't typically get symptoms and are susceptible to pelvic inflammatory disease if not
treated ✔✔b. Chlamydia, like pubic lice, can be transmitted by toilet seats/ urinals and sheets in dirty hotels
- Which sexually transmitted infection is associated with three "stages" including painless skin ulcers called chancres; skin rashes; and potentially, horrible surprises later in life if not treated? a. Chlamydia b. HPV c. Syphilis
d. Candida ✔✔c. Syphilis
- Of the three major causes of vaginosis, which one is common and is sexually transmitted? a. Yeast infection b. Bacterial vaginosis c. Trichomonas
d. All of these are transmitted through sexual activities ✔✔c. Trichomonas
- What is NOT true about genital warts? a. Are caused by herpes virus b. Are caused by HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) c. They may go away spontaneously or may require treatment d. Warts may appear in anal, oral, and genital regions ✔✔a. Are caused by herpes virus
a. Laparoscopy b. Ultrasound c. Colposcopy d. MRIs ✔✔c. Colposcopy
- The current recommendation for most women of average risk is to start getting Pap smears at age 21 and to have them done _________. a. Once every 6 months b. Once every year c. Once every 3 years
d. Once every 5 years ✔✔c. Once every 3 years
- A woman complaining of severe pelvic pain underwent laparoscopy. The picture at the right shows what was removed from the women's uterus. These common benign tumors are: a. Fibroids b. Cysts c. Endometriosis
d. None of the above ✔✔a. Fibroids
- Which of the following is NOT true? a. Endometriosis can be associated with infertility b. Endometriosis is associated with certain risk factors such as smoothing and many sexual partners c. Endometrial tissue can be found in locations outside the uterus d. Symptoms can be minimal or can be extremely severe (like one's insides being pulled out of
the rectum) ✔✔b. Endometriosis is associated with certain risk factors such as smoothing and many sexual partners
- Make the diagnosis: A 29-year-old woman complained of a protruding mass that appeared shortly after her fourth child was born. The would not sit or walk and it felt she was sitting on ball. Examination of external genitalia revealed the following (see picture on right) a. Uterine prolapse b. Cervical cancer c. Vaginal cancer d. Cervical polyp ✔✔a. Uterine prolapse
- Getting a Brazilian or landing strip pubic wax could potentially lead to a. Pubic baldness b. Sebaceous cysts c. Better sex
d. Ingrown hairs ✔✔d. Ingrown hairs
- If someone had a potential problem with infertility, premature puberty, or gender dysphoria they would referred to a a. Proctologist b. Cardiologist c. Internal medicine
d. Endocrinologist ✔✔d. Endocrinologist
- The ovaries will produce approximately ______ ovulating eggs during the child-bearing years a. 200 b. 500 c. 5000
d. 50000 or more ✔✔b. 500
- What is happening in 'event A'? a. Corpus luteum b. Cyst c. Ovulation
d. Primary follicle ✔✔c. Ovulation
- What is the progesterone-making structure at the big arrow? a. Corpus luteum b. Cyst c. Ovulation d. Primary follicle ✔✔a. Corpus luteum
- What is happening in the ovary during the ovarian cycle? a. A follicle will be 'chosen' to continue developing b. The corpus luteum is formed before ovulation occurs c. Not every menstrual cycle has developing follicles d. Ovarian cells are multipotent in the new primordial follicles are being formed at any time
during a woman's lifetime ✔✔a. A follicle will be 'chosen' to continue developing
- What happens to cervical mucus around the time of ovulation? a. Is not produced b. Gets thicker c. Gets thinner d. Contains fructose for sperm nourishment ✔✔c. Gets thinner
- What hormone surge immediately precedes ovulation? a. FSH b. Progesterone
c. Estrogen and progesterone are produced in the ovaries
d. The gonadotropins FSH and LH are produced in the ovaries ✔✔d. The gonadotropins FSH and LH are produced in the ovaries
- Which of the following is false? a. The size of breasts is NOT related to a woman's ability to nurse a baby b. Many women experience breast tenderness during the menstrual cycle c. Certain exercise can increase but size d. Estrogen and progesterone affect growth of ducts and glands of the breast during the menstrual
cycle ✔✔c. Certain exercise can increase but size
- Which of the following lowers the risk of sexually transmitted infections as well as cervical cancer? a. Male condom b. Female condom c. Vasectomy
d. A and B ✔✔d. A and B
- A 20-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room with sudden onset of fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle aches, and a rash. Her blood pressure is low. She reported during the history/ physical that she had just finished her period and admitted that she had left a highly absorbent tampon in her vagina for four days before remembering it was there. The doctor suspect this disease a. Ebola b. Toxic shock syndrome c. Measles
d. Appendicitis ✔✔b. Toxic shock syndrome
- Which of the following is an example of a long-acting, reversible contraceptive? a. Hormonal patch b. Hormonal implant c. IUD
d. B and C ✔✔d. B and C
- What type of cancer of the female reproductive tract is rarely diagnosed at an early age because there are generally no obvious symptoms? a. Ovarian cancer b. Cervical cancer c. Uterine cancer d. All of these ✔✔a. Ovarian cancer
- What is the most common type of cancer of the female reproductive tract?
a. Uterine cancer b. Cervical cancer c. Ovarian cancer d. Oviduct cancer ✔✔a. Uterine cancer
- Which of the following has been associated with higher risk of ovarian cancer? a. Fertility drugs b. BRCA-1 or BRCA- c. Oral contraceptives
d. All of these ✔✔b. BRCA-1 or BRCA-
- An endocrinologist sees a young woman age 18 who has not had any periods. The girl is overweight and has some facial hair on her chin and abdomen. Examination and testing show high blood pressure and slightly elevated triglycerides and blood glucose. An ultrasound shows multiple cysts in the ovary (see picture). Blood tests show evaluated androgen levels. This describes a common endocrine (hormone) disorder in young women of reproductive age a. Pituitary gland/ thyroid disorder b. Ovarian cancer c. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) d. Ovarian hypersecretion syndrome ✔✔c. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
- Which of the following is NOT true of ovarian cysts? a. Cysts are generally related to normal menstrual function (e.g. follicular or corpus luteal cysts) and may or may not cause any symptoms b. Dermoid cysts may contain hair, skin, or teeth and are actually embryos forming n the wrong location c. Ovarian cyst can be small or very large
d. Endometriomas are also called chocolate cysts ✔✔b. Dermoid cysts may contain hair, skin, or teeth and are actually embryos forming n the wrong location
- The following picture represents: a. karyotype, male b. karyotype, female c. daguerreotype, male d. daguerreotype, female ✔✔b. karyotype, female
- A young girl is brought in for genetic analysis. She is short for her age, has a low hairline, folds of skin on her neck, low set ears. Her IQ is normal. Karyotype reveals XO (single X). This syndrome is called ___________syndrome. a. Swyer b. Klinefelter c. Turner
a. SRY gene b. male sex cords c Mullerian-inhibiting substance d. A and C ✔✔a. SRY gene
- The Wolffian duct becomes ___ and the Mullerian duct becomes the ___. a. female external parts, male external parts b. female internal parts, male internal parts c male int.ernal parts, female internal parts
d. male external parts, female internal parts ✔✔c. male int.ernal parts, female internal parts
- The external genitalia are visible on ultrasound by _____ weeks. a. 3 b. 6 c. 11
d. 16 ✔✔d. 16
- Which of the following is required for development of male external genitalia? a. anti-Mullerian hormone b. testosterone c. DHT d. estrogen-inhibiting protein ✔✔c. DHT
- The urethral opening can appear in the wrong location in ~1 in 200 boys. This is called: a. hypospadias b. Peyronie's disease c. cryptorchidism
d. phimosis ✔✔a. hypospadias
- A young woman fails to menstruate by the age of 18. She has XX chromosomes. External examination reveals a shallow vagina. She has ovaries but a rudimentary uterus and a missing kidney. The condition is: a. MRKH (Mullerian deficiency syndrome) b. Estrogen insensitivity syndrome c. Swyer syndrome
d. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ✔✔a. MRKH (Mullerian deficiency syndrome)
- Use the picture below and to the right to answer the following question: The illustration on the left shows a normal breast. The illustration on the right shows: a. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) b. Lobular carcinoma c. Invasive ductal carcinoma
d. Inflammatory type of breast cancer ✔✔a. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
- The illustration below shows a line pointing to a well-defined fluid-filled. sac. The other picture shows what this looked like in a mammogram. This is most likely a: a. Ganglion b. Lobular carcinoma c. cyst d. Bartholin's gland cyst ✔✔c. cyst
- Which of the following is NOT true of the presence of cysts and fibrous ropy tissue making breasts feel tender, lumpy, and ropy? a. Affects about half of women of childbearing age b. Can be related to hormonal influences of the menstrual cycle c. Referred to as fibrocystic disease and may be associated with higher risk of breast cancer
d. Makes mammograms hard to read in pre-menopausal women ✔✔c. Referred to as fibrocystic disease and may be associated with higher risk of breast cancer
- What type of cancer is represented in the figure below? a. Lobar carinoma b. Invasive ductal carcinoma c. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) d. Inflammatory ✔✔d. Inflammatory
- What do you think this picture represents? a. Breast at age 21 b. Lactating breast c. Lobular carcinoma
d. Breast at puberty ✔✔a. Breast at age 21
- Which of the following is true? a. Most biopsies done after a positive mammogram are positive for cancer b. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in women c. Women with fibrocystic breasts are at increased risk of developing breast cancer
d. None of the above are true; all are false statement ✔✔a. Most biopsies done after a positive mammogram are positive for cancer
- Why is breast milk considered to be superior to cow's milk or formula for babies? a. Proteins found in breast milk are more easily digested b. Cow's milk can cause allergic reactions c. The fat content in breast milk is more easily digested d. All of the above ✔✔a. Proteins found in breast milk are more easily digested
