Docsity
Docsity

Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity


Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan


Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips

Hormones Overview: Thyroid, Insulin, Glucagon, Somatostatin, Catecholamines, Glucocorticoi, Quizzes of Biochemistry

Definitions and functions of various hormones including contra-inulin hormones (epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, somatostatin, insulin, glucagon, and thyroid hormone). It explains their roles in metabolism, such as regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, protein synthesis, and growth.

Typology: Quizzes

2012/2013

Uploaded on 05/10/2013

cantwell77515
cantwell77515 🇺🇸

5

(1)

31 documents

1 / 15

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
TERM 1
contra-inulin hormones
DEFINITION 1
epinephrinnorepinephrincortisolsomatostatingrowth hormone
TERM 2
thyroid hormone basic description
DEFINITION 2
insulin counter regulatory hormone because it increases rate
of fuel consumption and sensitivity to target cells
TERM 3
glucagon
DEFINITION 3
generates
cAMPglycogenolysisgluconeogenosisketogensisliver is main
target organsecreted by pancreatic alpha cells
TERM 4
somatostatin
DEFINITION 4
inhibits the release of insulinsecreate d from D cells of pancreas,
CNS, and gastric/duodenalmetabolite s that increase the release:-
glucose, arginine, leucineHormones that increase secretion:-
glucagon, VIP, CCKG-protein coupled r eceptor familywhen
activated--> cAMP is inhibited, protei n kinase A is
activatedsuppresses release of GH, T SH, insulin and glucagon
TERM 5
catecholamines
DEFINITION 5
Bioamine familydopmine = nuerotran smittertyrosine = precursor
for catecholaminessecretion of epin ephrin and norepinephrin is
stimulated by stress, pain, hemmorag e, exercise,hypoglycemia,
hypoxiaEpinephrin stimulates:-glycoge n breakdown,
gluconeogenisis, liplysis---this is further reinforced bc it stimulates
secretion of glucagon- inhibits insulin r elease
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff

Partial preview of the text

Download Hormones Overview: Thyroid, Insulin, Glucagon, Somatostatin, Catecholamines, Glucocorticoi and more Quizzes Biochemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

contra-inulin hormones

epinephrinnorepinephrincortisolsomatostatingrowth hormone

TERM 2

thyroid hormone basic description

DEFINITION 2

insulin counter regulatory hormone because it increases rate

of fuel consumption and sensitivity to target cells

TERM 3

glucagon

DEFINITION 3

generates

cAMPglycogenolysisgluconeogenosisketogensisliver is main

target organsecreted by pancreatic alpha cells

TERM 4

somatostatin

DEFINITION 4

inhibits the release of insulinsecreated from D cells of pancreas,

CNS, and gastric/duodenalmetabolites that increase the release:-

glucose, arginine, leucineHormones that increase secretion:-

glucagon, VIP, CCKG-protein coupled receptor familywhen

activated--> cAMP is inhibited, protein kinase A is

activatedsuppresses release of GH, TSH, insulin and glucagon

TERM 5

catecholamines

DEFINITION 5

Bioamine familydopmine = nuerotransmittertyrosine = precursor

for catecholaminessecretion of epinephrin and norepinephrin is

stimulated by stress, pain, hemmorage, exercise,hypoglycemia,

hypoxiaEpinephrin stimulates:-glycogen breakdown,

gluconeogenisis, liplysis---this is further reinforced bc it stimulates

secretion of glucagon- inhibits insulin release

Glucocorticoids

cortisol is major glucocorticoidcounterregulatory hormones

that protect the body from insulin-induced

hypoglycemiastimulates:--lipolusis in adipose tissue--realase

of AA from muscle proteins--stimulates gluconeogensis in

liver--synthesis of glycogen in liver--proteolysis in skin,

lymph, and muscle when stressed--inhibits glucose uptake

TERM 7

thyroid hormone

DEFINITION 7

secretory products of thyroid acinar cells are T3 and T4increase

glycolysis and cholesterol synthesisincrease conversion of

cholesterol to bile saltsincreases sensitivity of epineprhinincreases

flow of FA to the liver and thereby indirectly increases hepatic

triacyglycerol synthesisincreases glucose uptakestimulates protein

synthesis and growth of muscle

TERM 8

insulin regulates;

DEFINITION 8

increase muscle glucose uptakeincrease glucose useincrease

protein syntheisdecrease glucose outputdecrease

ketogenessisdecrease liver gluconeogenesisdecrease

glycogenolysisincrease (slightly) glycogenolysisincrease

protein synthesisincrease adipose fat synthesisdecrease

tissue lipolysis

TERM 9

glucagon regulates;

DEFINITION 9

increase glucose outputincrease ketogensisincrease liver

gluconeogenesisincrease glycogenolysisdecrease (slightly)

glycogenolysisincrease tissue lipolysis

TERM 10

epinephrin / norepinephrin regulates;

DEFINITION 10

increase glucose useincrease glucose outputincrease liver

gluconeogenesisincrease glycogenolysisdecrease (slight)

glycogenolysisincrease tissue lipolysis

chymotrypsinogen

chymotrypsinogen is activated by trypsinchymotrypsinogen -

-> chymotrypsinchymotrypsin favors residues that have

hydrophobic or acidic amino acids (Phe, Tyr, Trp,

Leu)chymotrypsin is a endopeptidase

TERM 17

proelastase

DEFINITION 17

activated by trypsinproelastase --> elastaseelastase is an

endopeptidasecleaves peptide bonds in which the side chain

are small ( alanine, glycine, serine)

TERM 18

procarboxypeptidase

DEFINITION 18

activated by trypsinprocarboxypeptidase -->

carboxypeptidaseremoves amino acids from the carboxyl

ends of peptide chains

TERM 19

Insulin leads to dephosphorylation of:

DEFINITION 19

PFK-2 (kinase now active)pyruvate kinase ( now

active)glycogen synthase (no activephosphorylase kinase

(now inactive)glycogen phosphorylase ( now

inactive)pyruvate dehydrogenase (now active)acetyl-Coa

carboxylase (now activewhich leads to active- glycolysis,

fatty acid synthesis, glycogen synthesis

TERM 20

glucagon leads to phosphorylation of:

DEFINITION 20

PFK-2 (phosphatase now active)pyruvate kinase (now

inactive)glycogen synthase (now inactive)phosphorylase

kinase (now active)glycogen phosphorylase (now

active)pyruvate dehydrogenase (now inactive)acetyl-Coa

carboxylase (now inactive)which leads to active:

glycogenolysis, fatty acid oxidation, gluconeogenesis

PFK-

activated byF-2,6-BP, AMPactive in fed state

TERM 22

pyruvate

carboxylase

DEFINITION 22

activated byacetyl coaactive in fed and fasting state

TERM 23

acetyl coa

carboxylase

DEFINITION 23

activated bycitrateactive in fed state

TERM 24

CPT-

DEFINITION 24

activated byloss of malonyl coaactive in fasting state

TERM 25

glycogen synthase

DEFINITION 25

active formdephosphorylatedactive in fed state

pyruvate dehydrogenase

active formdephosphrylatedactive in fed state

TERM 32

acetyl-coa

carboxylase

DEFINITION 32

active formdephosphrylatedactive in fed state

TERM 33

glucokinase

DEFINITION 33

induced infed stateprocess affectedglucose --> TG

TERM 34

citrate lyase

DEFINITION 34

induced infed stateprocess affectedglucpse --> TG

TERM 35

acetyl coa

carboxylase

DEFINITION 35

induced infed stateprocess affectedglucose --> TG

fatty acid synthase

induced infed stateprocess affectedglucose --> TG

TERM 37

malic enzyme

DEFINITION 37

induced infed stateproccess affectedproduction of NADPH

TERM 38

glucose-6 P dehydrogenase

DEFINITION 38

induced infed stateprocess affectedproduction of NADPH

TERM 39

glucose 6 P

DEFINITION 39

induced infasting stateprocess affectedproduction of blood

glucose

TERM 40

Fructose-1,6BP

DEFINITION 40

induced infasting stateprocess affectedproduction of blood

glucose

intestinal epitheial cells fuel use in starvation

ketone bodies

TERM 47

kidney fuel use in starvation

DEFINITION 47

fatty acidketone bodies

TERM 48

function of leukotrienes

DEFINITION 48

increases:vascular permeabilityT-cell proliferationleukocte

proliferationbronchoconstriction

TERM 49

functions of prostaglandins

DEFINITION 49

increase:vasodilation /

vasocontrictioncAMPbronchocontrictionsmooth muscle

contractiondecrease:platelette aggregationleukocyte

aggregationT-cell proliferationlymphocyte migration

TERM 50

functions of thromboxanes

DEFINITION 50

increases:vasocontrictionplatelette aggregationlymphocyte

proliferationbronchocontriction

statins

inhibit HMG-Coa reductase activity

TERM 52

bile acid resins

DEFINITION 52

increase excretion of bile salts

TERM 53

niacin

DEFINITION 53

activates LPLreduces VLDLreduces catabolism of HDL

TERM 54

fibrates

DEFINITION 54

increases LPLdecrease ApoC3increase in ApoA

TERM 55

ezetimibe

DEFINITION 55

decrease absorption of free cholesterol from gut

ApoCII

source - liverlipoprotein distribution - chylomicrons, VLDL,

IDL, HDLfunction - cofactor activator of LPL

TERM 62

Chylomicrons

DEFINITION 62

TG > PL > Cholfunction - deliver dietary lipis

TERM 63

chylomicron remenants

DEFINITION 63

return dietary lipids to liver

TERM 64

VLDL

DEFINITION 64

TG > PL > Cholfunction - deliver endogenous lipids

TERM 65

IDL

DEFINITION 65

TG > Chol > PLfunction - return endogenous lipids to liver ;

precursor of LDL

LDL

Chol > PL > TGfunction - deliver cholesterol to cells

TERM 67

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1

(CPS1)

DEFINITION 67

pathway - urea cyclesource of nitrogen - NH4location -

mitochondriaactivator - NAGinhibitor - -

TERM 68

CPSII

DEFINITION 68

pathway - pyrimidine biosynthesissource of nitrogen -

glutaminelocation - cytosolactivator - PRPPinhibitor - UTP

TERM 69

gout

DEFINITION 69

gene defect - multiple causesmetabolite that accumilates -

uric acidsymptoms - painful joints

TERM 70

severe combined immunodeffiency disease

(SCID)

DEFINITION 70

gene defect - adenosine deaminase (purine salvage

pathway)metabolite that accumilates - deoxyadenosine and

derrivativessymptoms - loss of immune system function,

including T and B cells