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FF SCI EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED!!, Exams of Advanced Education

FF SCI EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED!!

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 07/06/2025

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FF SCI EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED!!
Ascending Tracts
-DCML
-ALST, LST
Descending Tracts
-Corticospinals
Function of DCML
-vibration
-proprioception
-stereognosis
-2 point discrimination
Function of ALST tract
-crude touch
Function of LST Tract
-pain
-temperature
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Ascending Tracts -DCML -ALST, LST

Descending Tracts -Corticospinals

Function of DCML -vibration -proprioception -stereognosis -2 point discrimination

Function of ALST tract -crude touch

Function of LST Tract -pain -temperature

Function of Corticospinal Tracts -movements

DCML Segmental Sensory Medial to Lateral -sacral -lumbar -thoracic -cervical

LST Tract Sensory Medial to Lateral -cervical -thoracic -lumbar -sacral

Lateral Corticospinal Tract Motor Medial to Lateral -cervical -thoracic -lumbar -sacral

Posterior Cord Syndrome

-loss of motor function, vibration, position sense, and deep touch ipsilateral

Conus Medullaris location

-bilateral and symmetrical in perineum and thighs

sensory

-saddle distribution bilateral and symmetric

motor

-symmetric

type

-UMN + LMN

Cauda Equina location

-unilateral and asymmetrical in perineum, thighs, leg, back

sensory

-saddle distribution unilateral and asymmetrical

motor

-asymmetric

type

-LMN

Cauda Equina Syndrome -injury to the nerve roots and not the SC itself -below L2 after the SC ends -muscle weakness and decreased sensation in affected dermatomes -incomplete lesions commonly seen -flaccid paralysis with no spinal reflex activity -flaccid bowel and bladder: autonomous or non-reflexive

Tetraplegia -impairment of loss of motor and/or sensory function in the cervical segments of the SC

-most caudal segment of the SSC with normal sensory and motor function on BOTH sides of the body

Sensory Level of Injury -the most caudal segment of the SC with normal sensory function on BOTH sides of the body

Motor Level of Injury -the most caudal segment of the SC with normal motor function on BOTH sides of the body -lowest key muscle that has a grade of at least 3, providing the key muscles represented by segments above that level are judged to be 5

Asia A -complete injury -no motor or sensory function at S4-

Asia B -incomplete injury -sensory bot not motor function present below NLI and S4-

Asia C -incomplete injury -less than half of key muscle functions below the single NLI have a muscle grade >/= 3

Asia D -incomplete injury -at least half or more of key muscle functions below the single NLI having a muscle grade >/= 3

Asia E -normal, no injury -motor and sensory function is normal

Spinal Shock -occurs immediately after the trauma -abrupt withdrawal of connection between SC and higher center -absence of all reflex activity and impairment of autonomic regulation resulting in hypotension and loss of sweating and piloerection

C1-C2 Injury respiratory muscles

-SCM

-upper traps

intervention

respiratory muscles

-diaphragm

-pec major and minor

-serratus anterior

-rhomboid

-lats

intervention

-weak cough

-must teach assistive coughing to people with respiratory compromise

T1-T5 Injury respiratory muscles

-some intercostals

-erector spinae

intervention

-none needed

T6-T10 Injury respiratory muscles

-intercostals

-abdominals

intervention

-none needed

T11 and Below Injury respiratory muscles

-all

intervention

-non needed

-bowel/bladder irritation: increase in SBP 20-30 mmHg -painful stimulus below level of lesion: decreased HR -Gi irritation: severe HA, anxiety -sexual activity: constricted pupils, blurred vision -labor: flushing, piloerection above level of lesion -fracture below level of lesion: increased spasticity

Intervention for AD -sit up and lower the legs -remove painful stimuli: loosen clothing or abdominal binder, check bladder distension and unclamp catheter and drain it -monitor vitals and if still no change get medical/nursing assistance and they give meds to lower BP (nifedipine, nitrates, and captopril)

Tone and Spasticity -abnormal muscle tone in an UMN lesion characterized by increased resistance of an initially passive limb to externally imposed joint motion -velocity dependent -increased muscle tone also known as hypertonia, hyperreflexia, and clonus -has potential positive and negative impacts -seen in patients with injury above T10 after resolution of spinal shock

Therapeutic Options for Spasticity Management -modalities -superficial heat/cold

-deep heat -stretching -splinting -serial casting -exercise -standing program

Oral Pharmacological Options for Spasticity Management -baclofen (lioresal) -neurotin (gabapentin) -zanaflex (tizanidine) -dantrium (dantrolene) -clonidine -klonopin (clonazepam) -valium (diazepam)

Spastic/Reflexic Bladder -UMN -seen in patients with injury at or above T -usually a combination of bladder and sphincter dyssynergia -bladder contracts and reflexively empties in response to a certain level of filling pressure -requires intermittent catheterization every 3-6 hours -suprapubic tapping -many patients require anti cholinergic medications to help decrease bladder spasms and leakage

Mobilization for Tissue Integrity -in bed every 2 hours -in wheelchair every 15 minutes -push-ups -leaning side to side -leaning forward >45 deg -tilt wheelchair back by >65 deg -maintain position for at least 2 minutes -contour cushion to redistribute pressure

Complications with SCI and PT Interventions -pressure ulcers -DVT -AD -OH -spasticity -urinary and bowel retention and/or incontinence -contractures -osteoporosis -pain -sexual dysfunction

C1-C4 Injury Dependence bed skills

-dependent

transfer

-dependent

wheelchair

-power: head/chin/mouth breathing control

-manual: dependent

ambulation

-none

C5 Injury Dependence bed skills

-some assistance

transfer

-dependent

-manual: IND indoors and leveled surfaces, assistance outdoors, plastic coated handrim

ambulation

-none

C7-C8 Injury Dependence bed skills

-IND to some assist

transfer

-even: IND without sliding board

-uneven: IND to some assist

wheelchair

-manual: IND indoors and outdoors on level surface

-C7 may need assistance with ramp

-C8 IND with ramps and curbs

ambulation

-none

T1-T9 Injury Dependence bed skills

-IND

transfer

-IND in even and uneven surface transfer

-may be able to do floor to wheelchair transfer

wheelchair

-manual: IND indoors and outdoors on leveled and unleveled surfaces

ambulation

-functional ambulation not typical