




















Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Prepare for your exams
Study with the several resources on Docsity
Earn points to download
Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan
Community
Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts
Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users
Free resources
Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors
FF SCI EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED!!
Typology: Exams
1 / 28
This page cannot be seen from the preview
Don't miss anything!
Ascending Tracts -DCML -ALST, LST
Descending Tracts -Corticospinals
Function of DCML -vibration -proprioception -stereognosis -2 point discrimination
Function of ALST tract -crude touch
Function of LST Tract -pain -temperature
Function of Corticospinal Tracts -movements
DCML Segmental Sensory Medial to Lateral -sacral -lumbar -thoracic -cervical
LST Tract Sensory Medial to Lateral -cervical -thoracic -lumbar -sacral
Lateral Corticospinal Tract Motor Medial to Lateral -cervical -thoracic -lumbar -sacral
Posterior Cord Syndrome
-loss of motor function, vibration, position sense, and deep touch ipsilateral
Conus Medullaris location
-bilateral and symmetrical in perineum and thighs
sensory
-saddle distribution bilateral and symmetric
motor
-symmetric
type
-UMN + LMN
Cauda Equina location
-unilateral and asymmetrical in perineum, thighs, leg, back
sensory
-saddle distribution unilateral and asymmetrical
motor
-asymmetric
type
-LMN
Cauda Equina Syndrome -injury to the nerve roots and not the SC itself -below L2 after the SC ends -muscle weakness and decreased sensation in affected dermatomes -incomplete lesions commonly seen -flaccid paralysis with no spinal reflex activity -flaccid bowel and bladder: autonomous or non-reflexive
Tetraplegia -impairment of loss of motor and/or sensory function in the cervical segments of the SC
-most caudal segment of the SSC with normal sensory and motor function on BOTH sides of the body
Sensory Level of Injury -the most caudal segment of the SC with normal sensory function on BOTH sides of the body
Motor Level of Injury -the most caudal segment of the SC with normal motor function on BOTH sides of the body -lowest key muscle that has a grade of at least 3, providing the key muscles represented by segments above that level are judged to be 5
Asia A -complete injury -no motor or sensory function at S4-
Asia B -incomplete injury -sensory bot not motor function present below NLI and S4-
Asia C -incomplete injury -less than half of key muscle functions below the single NLI have a muscle grade >/= 3
Asia D -incomplete injury -at least half or more of key muscle functions below the single NLI having a muscle grade >/= 3
Asia E -normal, no injury -motor and sensory function is normal
Spinal Shock -occurs immediately after the trauma -abrupt withdrawal of connection between SC and higher center -absence of all reflex activity and impairment of autonomic regulation resulting in hypotension and loss of sweating and piloerection
C1-C2 Injury respiratory muscles
-SCM
-upper traps
intervention
respiratory muscles
-diaphragm
-pec major and minor
-serratus anterior
-rhomboid
-lats
intervention
-weak cough
-must teach assistive coughing to people with respiratory compromise
T1-T5 Injury respiratory muscles
-some intercostals
-erector spinae
intervention
-none needed
T6-T10 Injury respiratory muscles
-intercostals
-abdominals
intervention
-none needed
T11 and Below Injury respiratory muscles
-all
intervention
-non needed
-bowel/bladder irritation: increase in SBP 20-30 mmHg -painful stimulus below level of lesion: decreased HR -Gi irritation: severe HA, anxiety -sexual activity: constricted pupils, blurred vision -labor: flushing, piloerection above level of lesion -fracture below level of lesion: increased spasticity
Intervention for AD -sit up and lower the legs -remove painful stimuli: loosen clothing or abdominal binder, check bladder distension and unclamp catheter and drain it -monitor vitals and if still no change get medical/nursing assistance and they give meds to lower BP (nifedipine, nitrates, and captopril)
Tone and Spasticity -abnormal muscle tone in an UMN lesion characterized by increased resistance of an initially passive limb to externally imposed joint motion -velocity dependent -increased muscle tone also known as hypertonia, hyperreflexia, and clonus -has potential positive and negative impacts -seen in patients with injury above T10 after resolution of spinal shock
Therapeutic Options for Spasticity Management -modalities -superficial heat/cold
-deep heat -stretching -splinting -serial casting -exercise -standing program
Oral Pharmacological Options for Spasticity Management -baclofen (lioresal) -neurotin (gabapentin) -zanaflex (tizanidine) -dantrium (dantrolene) -clonidine -klonopin (clonazepam) -valium (diazepam)
Spastic/Reflexic Bladder -UMN -seen in patients with injury at or above T -usually a combination of bladder and sphincter dyssynergia -bladder contracts and reflexively empties in response to a certain level of filling pressure -requires intermittent catheterization every 3-6 hours -suprapubic tapping -many patients require anti cholinergic medications to help decrease bladder spasms and leakage
Mobilization for Tissue Integrity -in bed every 2 hours -in wheelchair every 15 minutes -push-ups -leaning side to side -leaning forward >45 deg -tilt wheelchair back by >65 deg -maintain position for at least 2 minutes -contour cushion to redistribute pressure
Complications with SCI and PT Interventions -pressure ulcers -DVT -AD -OH -spasticity -urinary and bowel retention and/or incontinence -contractures -osteoporosis -pain -sexual dysfunction
C1-C4 Injury Dependence bed skills
-dependent
transfer
-dependent
wheelchair
-power: head/chin/mouth breathing control
-manual: dependent
ambulation
-none
C5 Injury Dependence bed skills
-some assistance
transfer
-dependent
-manual: IND indoors and leveled surfaces, assistance outdoors, plastic coated handrim
ambulation
-none
C7-C8 Injury Dependence bed skills
-IND to some assist
transfer
-even: IND without sliding board
-uneven: IND to some assist
wheelchair
-manual: IND indoors and outdoors on level surface
-C7 may need assistance with ramp
-C8 IND with ramps and curbs
ambulation
-none
T1-T9 Injury Dependence bed skills
-IND
transfer
-IND in even and uneven surface transfer
-may be able to do floor to wheelchair transfer
wheelchair
-manual: IND indoors and outdoors on leveled and unleveled surfaces
ambulation
-functional ambulation not typical