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This lecture handout was designed and distributed by Prof. Akhilesh Kulkarni at Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology. This is part of Cancer Cytogenetic course. It includes: Normal, Abnormal, Sexual, Fetal, Embrionic, Urogenital, Androgen, Syndromes, Reseptor, Genitalia
Typology: Exercises
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system, and external genitalia
physical ambiguity and sterility delivering child with ambiguous genitalia should be
considered medical emergency
development to begin ; ovarian determinant genes must be present at later stages
absence of testicular determinants, ovarian development will begin regardless
of genetic sex of embryo
(testosterone, DHT, and MIS); female internal and external genital development
occurs in absence of ovarian hormones
seminiferous tubules
Mullerian system
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dehydrogenase
and androgens
male fetuses virilization
females, because normal phenotype at birth
masculinization of the external genitalia
masculinization
isolated cryptorchidism, hypospadias, overt ambiguity
easy to determine whether the baby is a boy or girl”
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Content removed due to copyright restrictions. Please see:
��MacLaughlin, D. T., and P. K. Donahoe. "Sex Determination and Differentiation."
N Engl J Med. 350, no. 4 (January 22, 2004
Erratum in N Engl J Med. 351, no. 3 (July 15 , 2004): 306.:
Comment in N Engl J Med. 350, no. 4 (January 22, 2004 ): 323-4.
Engl J Med. 350, no. 21 (May 20, 2004 ): 2204-6, author reply 2204-6.
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