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Female Delinquency: Historical Perspectives and Theories - Prof. Roy L. Barnett, Study notes of Introduction to Sociology

Various perspectives and theories regarding female delinquency throughout history, including the works of lombrosso, cowie, freud, w.i. Thomas, peter bols, otto pollack, susan datesman, freda adler, and criticisms of the women's liberation movement. Topics cover causes of female delinquency, such as biological factors, social pressures, and limited opportunities.

Typology: Study notes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 05/08/2011

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Female Delinquency - Lombrosso
%Women are inferior to men
%Unable to feel pain
%Characterized by a passive, conservative approach
%Women are born with feminine characteristics that make them dull
%Female criminal is more vicious
Female Delinquency - Cowie
%Over-development leads to early sex
%Menstruation is a distressing reminder that they will never be men
%Frustration leads to crime
Sigmund Freud - Penis Envy
%Girls feel deprived because they're not boys
%Adapt?
%Having a baby
%Delinquents attempt to be a man
Female Delinquency - W.I. Thomas
%Boys have a certain force (katabolic, destructive)
%Girls have an anabolic force (motionless, conservative)
%The Unadjusted Girl
%Desire for new experiences, security, recognition/response,
sex used as a form of human capitol
Female Delinquency - Peter Bols
%Female delinquency is a sexual acting out
%Revenge against the mother
%Could be attempt to restore reality to an emotionally alienated girl
Female Delinquency - Otto Pollack
%Women committing crime but not caught
%Women are inherently deceitful (instigators)
%Women commit crimes in relation to their occupation
%Chivalry could be occurring from police and judges
Blocked Opportunity Theory - Susan Datesman
%Limited opportunities more tied to females
%All delinquents regarded their opportunity less positively compared
to non-delinquents
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Female Delinquency - Lombrosso

% Women are inferior to men % Unable to feel pain % Characterized by a passive, conservative approach % Women are born with feminine characteristics that make them dull % Female criminal is more vicious

Female Delinquency - Cowie

% Over-development leads to early sex % Menstruation is a distressing reminder that they will never be men % Frustration leads to crime

Sigmund Freud - Penis Envy

% Girls feel deprived because they're not boys % Adapt? % Having a baby % Delinquents attempt to be a man

Female Delinquency - W.I. Thomas

% Boys have a certain force (katabolic, destructive) % Girls have an anabolic force (motionless, conservative) % The Unadjusted Girl % Desire for new experiences, security, recognition/response, sex used as a form of human capitol

Female Delinquency - Peter Bols

% Female delinquency is a sexual acting out % Revenge against the mother % Could be attempt to restore reality to an emotionally alienated girl

Female Delinquency - Otto Pollack

% Women committing crime but not caught % Women are inherently deceitful (instigators) % Women commit crimes in relation to their occupation % Chivalry could be occurring from police and judges

Blocked Opportunity Theory - Susan Datesman

% Limited opportunities more tied to females % All delinquents regarded their opportunity less positively compared to non-delinquents

Women's Liberation Movement - Freda Adler

% Adult women and juvenile crime is linked to opportunity % Girls have been instilled that they should have the same ambitions as boys % The opportunities are not there % Some girls may pick up on traditional male delinquency act

Women's Liberation Movement - Criticisms

% Mostly poor, minority women in crime (Crites) % Poor women always competing with men (Crites) % W.L.M no impact on women and crime (Steffensmeier) % Increase in crime started before late 60s % Increase in female crime is more of a social invention (Weis)

Social Control Theory

% Why are most of us not criminal? % We have ties to conventional/social order % We are attached to others (parents) % Commitment to other institutions (School) % Beliefs and involvement matter % Delinquent when attachment to social order is broken/weak

Peer Group Influence - Giordano

% Most likely scenarios for females to be delinquent % Female committing delinquent act in mixed gender group % Alone % Group of females % Pair of females % One girl and many boys % One boy

Peer Group Influence - Meers, Ploeger, and Warr

% Moral evaluation mattered most for girls % Slows down level of delinquency

Power Control Theory

% Mothers are gaining power relative to the husband % More women working outside the home % Patriarchal families are moving toward egalitarian

Family and Delinquency - Quality of Home

% Happiness of marriage was key factor of delinquency (Nye) % Good marital relationships and cohesiveness was key in preventing delinquency (Gluecks) % Parental love can act as a psychological anchor to conformity (Lagrange)

Family and Delinquency - Family Rejection (Rosen)

% Focuses on African-American boys % Study of boys in Philadelphia % Lower delinquency rates for African-American boys who had high interactions with father

Family and Delinquency - Broken Home (Wales and Rankin)

% Delinquency is 10-15% higher in broken home % Stronger for minor forms of delinquency % Stronger for families broken by divorce vs. death % Child's age at time of break up did not matter % No impact of step-parents

Family and Delinquency - Discipline in the Home (Nye)

% Strict, being lax, or unfair could all lead to delinquency % Disciplinary role of father mattered more

Family and Delinquency - Child Abuse and Neglect (Widom)

% 2 studies % 29% of abused and neglected children ended up with serious criminal records as adults % 21% of non-abused control group % Maltreated children ended up with more juvenile arrests % More likely arrested for violent crime % More serious delinquent careers

Family and Delinquency - Child Abuse and Neglect (Polansky)

% Looked at mothers accused of neglect % Apathetic-Futile Mother % emotionally numb to children % Impulse-ridden Mother % Restless and crazed excitement

% Mentally retarded Mother % Reaction-depressive Mother % Borderline/Psychotic Mother

Family and Delinquency - Child Abuse and Neglect (Straus)

% Myths of Corporal Punishment % Spanking is abuse % 90% of families use spanking % Does not seem to work short term but not long term % Negative impact long term % Mothers tend to hit more % No social class factors % Works as a cycle

Family and Delinquency - Child Abuse and Neglect (Age and Abuse)

Schools and Delinquency (Mann)

% Saw over 250 pupils receive 328 separate whippings in one week (in

Schools and Delinquency - Schools today

% Problems % Poor achievement % Lack of funding % Crime

Schools and Delinquency - Issues with Urban Schools

% Failure to provide a safe, orderly environment % Areas where there are high social problems % Authoritarian and repressive school atmospheres % Creates bored, frustrated, alienated kids

Schools and Delinquency - Eras of crime and violence in schools

% 1970s % Secondary school pupils experienced increasing theft and violence % 1980s % Teachers are subjects of assault % 1990s % Violent crimes at school increased