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An insightful analysis of the debate between federalists and anti-federalists during the ratification of the us constitution. The federalists, led by alexander hamilton, james madison, and john jay, argued for a strong central government and checks and balances to prevent tyranny. The anti-federalists, led by patrick henry, george mason, and samuel adams, advocated for strong state governments and a bill of rights to protect individual liberties. The document also discusses the influential federalist papers and the anti-federalist essays of brutus.
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the jerry perez experiment
The delegates agreed that the Constitution would go into effect as soon as popularly elected conventions in nine states approved it. The debate over ratification - the formal approval of the Constitution by the states - raged throughout the country, with supporters of the new government calling themselves Federalists, and their opponents, the Anti-Federalists. The main debate was primarily about the scope of power of the central government.
♦ Favored Constitution ♦ Led by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay ♦ Stressed weaknesses of Articles; strong central government needed to protect nation and solve domestic problems ♦ Checks and balances would protect against abuses ♦ Protection of property rights ♦ Constitution is a bill of rights with limitations and reserved powers for the states; state constitutions already had protections in bills of rights
♦ Opposed Constitution ♦ Led by Patrick Henry, George Mason, Samuel Adams ♦ Wanted strong state governments; feared a strong national government ♦ Created a strong executive similar to monarchy ♦ Wanted fewer limits on popular participation ♦ Wanted a bill of rights to protect individual liberty and citizens against government and individual
the jerry perez experiment and also advocates a separation of powers within the national government. One of its most important ideas is the often quoted phrase, “Ambition must be made to counteract ambition.” THE ANTI-FEDERALIST RESPONSE It is important to also understand the Anti-Federalist objections to the ratification of the Constitution. Among the most important of the Anti-Federalist writings are the essays of Brutus. Although it has not been definitively established, these essays are generally attributed to Robert Yates. The Brutus essays provide the most direct and compelling rebuttal of the Federalist argument. Brutus I was written to the citizens of the state of New York. In his first essay, Brutus considered whether or not the thirteen states should be reduced to one republic as the Federalists proposed. After examining various clauses in the Constitution, he determined that this would essentially create a federal government that will “possess absolute and uncontrollable power…” Brutus pointed to the Necessary and Proper Clause (3.8.18) and the Supremacy Clause (6.2.0) as sources of immense power conferred upon the federal government by the Constitution. THE BILL OF RIGHTS A compromise between Federalists and Anti-Federalists was reached with the agreement to add ten amendments that guaranteed individual freedoms and rights. With this agreement, the Constitution was finally ratified by all the states in 1789, and the Bill of Rights was added in 1791. Without these crucial additions, the Constitution would not have been ratified in several key states.