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The external features of birds, focusing on feathers and their role in flight. It discusses the different types of feathers, their structures, and how they contribute to flight. Additionally, it covers adaptations birds underwent for flight, such as the loss of forelegs and the evolution of wings. The document also explains the importance of generating lift and reducing drag in bird flight.
Typology: Exams
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Barbs off
shaft have
interlocking
barbules
and hooks
to hold
feather
together.
vane
with downy-like feathers over entire body (discovered 2001)
feathers evolved for insulation.
Reduction of Weight
bird
bat
human
Asymmetrical (remiges)
to be more symmetrical (rectrices).
Locations ٠ Primaries attached to bones of the hand ٠ Secondaries attached to the ulna.
traveling faster, less air pressure
slower, more air pressure
greater pressure applied under wing: lift!
important
and turbulence results reducing lift.
curling of air from underwing to top of wing tip
٠ Reduce wing tip area ٠ Slot the wing tip into ‘winglets’
air moving over the bird
edge slicing through the air.