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FAU Brooks Biodiversity Unit 1 Exam: A Comprehensive Study Guide, Exams of Biology

A comprehensive study guide for fau brooks biodiversity unit 1, covering key concepts such as the origin of life, early cell types, and the evolution of life on earth. It includes true/false questions, multiple-choice questions, and explanations of important theories and concepts. The document also explores the history of life on earth, including the major eras and significant events like the cretaceous extinction. It delves into the classification of organisms using binomial nomenclature and the endosymbiotic hypothesis. Particularly useful for students studying biology or related fields.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 01/24/2025

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FAU BROOKS BIODIVERSITY UNIT 1
EXAM LATEST UPDATE GRADED A+
T or F: We have proven how life arose? ✔✔FALSE !
Haldon-Oparin Hypothesis ✔✔life arose spontaneously from methane, ammonia, water &
energy sources
Milley-Urey experiment ✔✔Tested Haldane-Oparin hypothesis
Contemporary scientist think that methane & ammonia were likely ABSENT in early atmosphere
Organic molecules: CO, CO2, H2 (not much), N2 and H2O
Panspermia ✔✔idea that organic molecules were brought to earth by meteorites/asteroids.
Organic material would have come from outer space.
CHOOSE:
Earliest life forms were anaerobic/aerobic and autotrophic/heterotrophic ✔✔Earliest life forms
were anaerobic and heterotrophic
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FAU BROOKS BIODIVERSITY UNIT 1

EXAM LATEST UPDATE GRADED A+

T or F: We have proven how life arose? ✔✔FALSE!

Haldon-Oparin Hypothesis ✔✔life arose spontaneously from methane, ammonia, water & energy sources

Milley-Urey experiment ✔✔Tested Haldane-Oparin hypothesis

Contemporary scientist think that methane & ammonia were likely ABSENT in early atmosphere

Organic molecules: CO, CO2, H2 (not much), N2 and H2O

Panspermia ✔✔idea that organic molecules were brought to earth by meteorites/asteroids. Organic material would have come from outer space.

CHOOSE:

Earliest life forms were anaerobic/aerobic and autotrophic/heterotrophic ✔✔Earliest life forms were anaerobic and heterotrophic

Primordial Soup Theory ✔✔suggests that 3.8 billion to 3.55 billion years ago life began in a pond or ocean because of the combination of chemicals from the atmosphere and some form of energy to make amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, which would then evolve into the first species on Earth

RNA ✔✔earliest cells contained RNA through discovery of RETROVIRUSES (home could perform REVERSE TRANSCIPTION meaning RNA - > DNA)

RNA makes copies of DNA & can act as enzymes

Unresolved problems regarding how life came about ✔✔The concept of large, complex, organic molecules via dehydration of condensation bonds in an aquatic environment is questionable because the presence of water favors hydrolysis (break down) or large molecules rather than assembly of small molecules to large ones.

ALSO

The concept of "self-replicating" systems, meaning asexual reproduction AKA how the first organism could have reproduced is also questionable because little evidence that abiotic systems can spontaneously reproduce exists.

THE EARLIEST CELLS ✔✔THE EARLIEST CELLS

Should NOT be called blue green algae because algae is a eukaryote and cyanobacteria is a prokaryote

Not considered an actual bacteria because it has chlorophyll (which turns into a chloroplast)

Stromatolites ✔✔OLDEST KNOWN FOSSILS (made up of calcium carbonate)

H2S vs H2O ✔✔H2S was originally being used to be the source of high energy electrons in photosynthesis because the first organisms were anaerobic (the byproduct then became sulfur). Eventually, H2O became the source of high energy electrons in photosynthesis (the byproduct then became oxygen). Lead to Oxygen Crisis.

Era Time Zone ✔✔600 mil yrs ago Paleozoic began. 230 mil ended it.

230 mil yrs ago Mesozoic began. 65 mil ended it.

65 mil yrs ago Cenozoic began. Current day.

About the Eras ✔✔Precambrian- single celled bacteria (before Paleozoic)

Paleozoic- paleo means old; age of invertebrates then vertebrates evolved

Mesozoic- meso means middle; dinosaurs (reptiles)

Cenozoic- ceno means recent; big rock hit; age of mammals & vertebrates

Q. Flightless birds were all originally in Southwest continents. How did they get to southern continents if they are flightless? ✔✔A. Plate tectonics & continental drift!

Pangea ✔✔formed during the END of Paleozoic and the BEGINNING of Mesozoic

Laurasia- upper part of Pangea

Gondwana- lower part of Pangea

Continents formed at the beginning of Cenozoic

Cretaceous Extinction ✔✔occurred between Mesozoic and Cenozoic; whiped out everything. rip dinosaurs.

Genosperms ✔✔genosperm like pines were evolved from hit because they protected themselves from dinosaurs (think of pines; very deadly to consume)

When did humans enter earth on life's "time clock" ✔✔Last second!

Taxonomy ✔✔How we classify and name organisms

Q. How do we know the earliest organisms didn't have chloroplasts ✔✔A. If chloroplasts were first, making your own food wouldn't be considered an advantage meaning we'd all have chloroplasts. There was enough food back then that making it wasn't necessary.

Kingdom Archaezoe ✔✔LACKS MITOCHONDRIA BUT NUCLEI PRESENT

/Giardia/ ((italicized)) ✔✔inflammation in digestive track; contaminated water

HINT: be on your GUARD (giardia) when drinking water in a different country

Kingdom Protista ✔✔Diverse group; polyphyletic

Can be consumers, producers or moth (mixotroph)

3 kinds of Protista ✔✔fungus-like, animal-like, plant-like

**because Protista are POLYphyletic, fungus-like is closer to fungi than animal-lke

ROOTS ✔✔Dina— terrible or spinning

Phora— to possess; to have

Ciliophora— cilia

Mastigophora— has flagella

Sarco— flesh

Mycota- refers to fungi

HETEROTROPHIC PROTISTS ✔✔fungus like

Water Molds ✔✔Phylum chytridiomycota

Phylum oomycota

Slime molds ✔✔Phylum Myxomycota; one huge cell w/ many nuclei

Plasmodium— main stage

Sporangium— activated by moisture (produces spores)

Cellular Slime Molds ✔✔Phylum Ascrasiomycota

Pseudo plasmodium

A raisin— phermone released to attract cells to form pseudoplasmodium