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FAU BROOKS BIODIVERSITY UNIT 1
EXAM LATEST UPDATE GRADED A+
T or F: We have proven how life arose? ✔✔FALSE!
Haldon-Oparin Hypothesis ✔✔life arose spontaneously from methane, ammonia, water & energy sources
Milley-Urey experiment ✔✔Tested Haldane-Oparin hypothesis
Contemporary scientist think that methane & ammonia were likely ABSENT in early atmosphere
Organic molecules: CO, CO2, H2 (not much), N2 and H2O
Panspermia ✔✔idea that organic molecules were brought to earth by meteorites/asteroids. Organic material would have come from outer space.
CHOOSE:
Earliest life forms were anaerobic/aerobic and autotrophic/heterotrophic ✔✔Earliest life forms were anaerobic and heterotrophic
Primordial Soup Theory ✔✔suggests that 3.8 billion to 3.55 billion years ago life began in a pond or ocean because of the combination of chemicals from the atmosphere and some form of energy to make amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, which would then evolve into the first species on Earth
RNA ✔✔earliest cells contained RNA through discovery of RETROVIRUSES (home could perform REVERSE TRANSCIPTION meaning RNA - > DNA)
RNA makes copies of DNA & can act as enzymes
Unresolved problems regarding how life came about ✔✔The concept of large, complex, organic molecules via dehydration of condensation bonds in an aquatic environment is questionable because the presence of water favors hydrolysis (break down) or large molecules rather than assembly of small molecules to large ones.
ALSO
The concept of "self-replicating" systems, meaning asexual reproduction AKA how the first organism could have reproduced is also questionable because little evidence that abiotic systems can spontaneously reproduce exists.
THE EARLIEST CELLS ✔✔THE EARLIEST CELLS
Should NOT be called blue green algae because algae is a eukaryote and cyanobacteria is a prokaryote
Not considered an actual bacteria because it has chlorophyll (which turns into a chloroplast)
Stromatolites ✔✔OLDEST KNOWN FOSSILS (made up of calcium carbonate)
H2S vs H2O ✔✔H2S was originally being used to be the source of high energy electrons in photosynthesis because the first organisms were anaerobic (the byproduct then became sulfur). Eventually, H2O became the source of high energy electrons in photosynthesis (the byproduct then became oxygen). Lead to Oxygen Crisis.
Era Time Zone ✔✔600 mil yrs ago Paleozoic began. 230 mil ended it.
230 mil yrs ago Mesozoic began. 65 mil ended it.
65 mil yrs ago Cenozoic began. Current day.
About the Eras ✔✔Precambrian- single celled bacteria (before Paleozoic)
Paleozoic- paleo means old; age of invertebrates then vertebrates evolved
Mesozoic- meso means middle; dinosaurs (reptiles)
Cenozoic- ceno means recent; big rock hit; age of mammals & vertebrates
Q. Flightless birds were all originally in Southwest continents. How did they get to southern continents if they are flightless? ✔✔A. Plate tectonics & continental drift!
Pangea ✔✔formed during the END of Paleozoic and the BEGINNING of Mesozoic
Laurasia- upper part of Pangea
Gondwana- lower part of Pangea
Continents formed at the beginning of Cenozoic
Cretaceous Extinction ✔✔occurred between Mesozoic and Cenozoic; whiped out everything. rip dinosaurs.
Genosperms ✔✔genosperm like pines were evolved from hit because they protected themselves from dinosaurs (think of pines; very deadly to consume)
When did humans enter earth on life's "time clock" ✔✔Last second!
Taxonomy ✔✔How we classify and name organisms
Q. How do we know the earliest organisms didn't have chloroplasts ✔✔A. If chloroplasts were first, making your own food wouldn't be considered an advantage meaning we'd all have chloroplasts. There was enough food back then that making it wasn't necessary.
Kingdom Archaezoe ✔✔LACKS MITOCHONDRIA BUT NUCLEI PRESENT
/Giardia/ ((italicized)) ✔✔inflammation in digestive track; contaminated water
HINT: be on your GUARD (giardia) when drinking water in a different country
Kingdom Protista ✔✔Diverse group; polyphyletic
Can be consumers, producers or moth (mixotroph)
3 kinds of Protista ✔✔fungus-like, animal-like, plant-like
**because Protista are POLYphyletic, fungus-like is closer to fungi than animal-lke
ROOTS ✔✔Dina— terrible or spinning
Phora— to possess; to have
Ciliophora— cilia
Mastigophora— has flagella
Sarco— flesh
Mycota- refers to fungi
HETEROTROPHIC PROTISTS ✔✔fungus like
Water Molds ✔✔Phylum chytridiomycota
Phylum oomycota
Slime molds ✔✔Phylum Myxomycota; one huge cell w/ many nuclei
Plasmodium— main stage
Sporangium— activated by moisture (produces spores)
Cellular Slime Molds ✔✔Phylum Ascrasiomycota
Pseudo plasmodium
A raisin— phermone released to attract cells to form pseudoplasmodium
