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FAA General Oral Exam Questions with
correct answers
Describe the result of adding a large positive number and a smaller negative number. - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ The result is a smaller positive number, and is the same as ignoring the signs and subtracting the smaller number from the larger. How do you convert a fraction into a decimal? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Divide the top number (Numerator) by the bottom number (denominator). What is the key step that must be performed in order to add or subtract unlike fractions? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ You must find the lowest (Least) common denominator. How do you divide one fraction by another? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ You invert the divisor and multiply the numerators together and the denominators together. How can you convert a decimal into a percent? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ (1) Multiply the decimal by 100 and add the percent sign. (2) Move the decimal point two places to the right and add the percent sign. How do you convert a fraction into a percent? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Convert it to a decimal, move the decimal point two places to the right and add the percent sign How do you change a decimal into the nearest equivalent fraction? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔Multiply the decimal by the desired denominator. The result becomes the numerator in the traction. What are two different ways that a ratio may be expressed? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ (1) As a fraction.
(2) By placing a colon (s) between the two numbers. (3) By using the word '10" between the two numbers What is a proportion? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ — A statement of equality between two or more ratios. What is meant by the root of a number? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ A root is two or more equal smaller numbers that, when multiplied together, equal the specified number. How do you find the square of a number? Give an example. - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔Multiply the number by itself Examples: 4 X 4 =16, 7 X 7 = What is a common method of making computations involving very large or very small numbers more manageable? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Convert the numbers into scientific notation by using powers of 10. How is 100.000 expressed as a power of 10? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ 10^5 (10 to the 5'" power). What formula is used to find the area of a rectangle and of a triangle? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ For a rectangle, A = L X W. For a triangle, A = 1/2(B X H). Define Pi (π) - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Pi is a constant that expresses the relationship between the gigozngterence of a circle and its diameter and is approximately equal to
What term defines the temperature at which all molecular motion ceases? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Absolute zero. Can liquids be compressed? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ No, liquids are generally considered incompressihle. What are the customary units used to express hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in the United States? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Pounds per square inch (PSI) Describe how pressure is transmitted when a force is applied to a confined liquid. - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Pressure is transmitted equally in all directions, What formula expresses the relationship between force, pressure and area? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Force equals area times pressure What is the approximate speed of sound at sea level on a standard day? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔ 661 Knots or 340 meters per second. What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level on a standard day? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔29.92 inches of Mercury or 10132 millibars On a standard day at sea level, what is the value for temperature? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ - 59°F or 15°C. What are the factors that determine density altitude? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Temperature and atmospheric pressure. What is the term used to describe the ratio between the amount of moisture actually present in the atmosphere as compared to the amount the air could hold if it were completely saturated? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Relative humidity. What are the four principle forces acting on an airplane in flight? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔Lift, drag, thrust and gravity.
What is the term that describes the angle between the relative wind and the chord line of an airfoil? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ The Angle of Attack. What are the factors that cause an airplane wing to stall? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ stall is caused when the angle of attack exceeds a critical value and the airflow separates from the upper surface and becomes turbulent. What are the principle effects that result from lowering the flaps while in flight? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Lift increases, drag increases and stall speed decreases. What is the function of a wing mounted vortex generator? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Vortex generators delay or keep the airflow from separating from the upper surface of a wing during high speed flight. How does blade—flapping help to compensate for dissymmetry of lift in helicopter main rotor systems? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Flapping increases the angle of attack and lift on the retreating blade and decreases the angle of attack and lift on the advancing blade. One kilowatt is equal to how many watts? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ 1,000 watts. What law describes the most fundamental or basic relationships in an electrical circuit? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Ohm's law. What are the three elements of Ohm's law? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Voltage. current and resistance. How would you write Ohm's law as an equation? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ E=IxR, R=E/I, l=E/R
What is the principal advantage of AC current over DC current? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔Power can be transmitted over long distances more efficiently and with smaller wires because the voltage can be easily increased or decreased by a transformer What are the three causes of opposition to current flow in an AC circuit? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔ Resistance. inductive reactance and capacitive reactance. Define inductance. - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ An induced voltage which is opposite in direction to the applied voltage What component creates capacitance in AC circuits? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ A capacitor How does a capacitor store electricity? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ The energy is stored in the form of an electrostatic charge or field that exists between two conductors separated by an insulator What property of an AC circuit is defined by the term "impedance"? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔The total opposltlon to current flow What are two reasons that might cause a nickel-cadmium battery to fail to deliver its rated capacity? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Faulty cells or cell imbalances What electrical values are measured by a typical multimeter? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔Voltage. current and resistance. How many views are required to represent the important details of most aircraft parts?
- 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ One, two or three views are usually enough. What kinds of parts can be represented by one-view drawings? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔Parts with uniform thickness such as shims. plates and gaskets.
What is the name for a part of a drawing used to bring out important details and how is it drawn? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ A detailed View, which is usually drawn to a larger scale than the main drawing. What is the purpose of schematic diagrams? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ They are primarily used for troubleshooting systems. Describe an orthographic projection. - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ It is a way of drawing an object using different views at right angles to each other such as a top. front. and side view. Why do manufacturers use symbols on aircraft drawings? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Symbols are a form of shorthand and are used to convey the characteristics of a component with a minimum of drawing. Describe the appearance of lines used to show hidden views, alternate positions and the middle of symmetrical objects, and give their proper name. - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔Hidden views are shown with hidden lines, which are short. evenly spaced dashes. Alternate positions are shown with phantom lines made up of light, alternating long dashes and two short dashes. Center lines, consisting of alternating long and short dashes, show the middle of symmetrical objects. How can you determine if a drawing has been changed? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ A record of the changes is listed either in a revision block or in ruled columns, which may be in a corner of the drawing or next to the title block. How are dimensions shown on aircraft drawings, and what is their purpose? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Dimension lines are usually solid and generally broken at the midpoint for insertion of the measurement. They provide a means to accurately represent the size of an object. What is the difference between an "allowance" and a "tolerance"? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔An allowance is the difference between the nominal dimension and the maximum and minimum permissible sizes. The tolerance is the difference between the extreme permissible dimensions, which may be found by adding the plus and minus allowances,
What is the datum of an aircraft and what is its function? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ The datum is an imaginary vertical plane at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the airplane. It is the reference point from which all horizontal measurements are taken. How do you determine the moment of an item of equipment? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ The weight of the item is multiplied by its arm, which is the distance between the item and the datum. What are two ways of determining the arm of an item of equipment? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔Measure the distance between the item and the datum. or use data supplied by the manufacturer What should be done to obtain a positive (plus) moment aft of the datum? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Add weight. What should be done to obtain a negative (minus) moment aft of the datum? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Remove weight What should be done to obtain a positive (plus) moment forward of the datum? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Remove weight. What should be done to obtain a negative (minus) moment forward of the datum? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Add weight. How does the category of an aircraft affect its loaded weight? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔Aircraft certificated in more than one category, such as Normal and Aerobatic, may have two different maximum gross weights and different useful loads. As you prepare an aircraft for weighing, you determine that there is equipment aboard that is not permanently installed and recorded on the equipment list. What should you do with this equipment? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ All equipment not permanently installed in the aircraft or included on the equipment list should be removed from the aircraft. Define the term "residual fuel." - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Any fuel that remains in the tanks, lines, and engines, alter the system has been drained.
Define the term "residual oil" - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Any oil that remains in the tanks, lines, and engines, after the system has been drained. How should you account for fuel when weighing an aircraft to determine weight and balance? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Either drain the fuel system until only unusable fuel remains, or fill the tanks full and subtract out the weight of the useable fuel, Where are leveling instructions found, and describe one method of leveling an aircraft?
- 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ — Leveling instructions are found in the Type Certificate Data Sheets. An aircraft may be leveled by using a spirit level at specified points, or an aircraft may be leveled by using a plumb bob from a designated point along with a leveling scale or protractor. Define the term "Mean Aerodymamic Chord" or MAC. - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Mean Aerodynamic Chord is the chord drawn through the center of the wing plan area. Describe the two most common ways of showing the CG. location and/or C.G. range. - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ ln inches from the datum or in percent of MAC What is the purpose of an aircraft loading graph? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ It is a method for determining how to distribute the load so as to keep the C.G. within allowable limits. What is ballast and why would you use it in an airplane? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Ballast is weight added to an airplane to bring its C.G. into the allowable or desired range. Installation of several new radios in the nose of an aircraft causes the forward C.G. limit to be exceeded. How can you correct this problem without removing the new equipment? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Ballast may be installed in the tail to move the CG. aft. How does the CG. range of a helicopter compare to that of a fixed-wing airplane? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Helicopters typically have a much smaller C.G. range.
How can you keep heat treated aluminum alloy rivets soft enough to install after the quenching process? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ If the rivets are stored in a freezer they will remain soft for several days. What is the grip length of a bolt? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ The length of the unthreaded portion. In what way are AN standard steel bolts identified? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ By the code markings on the bolt heads. What is the difference between a close tolerance bolt and a general purpose bolt? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Close tolerance bolts are machined to more accurate dimensions. For what types of applications are self-locking nuts not allowed? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔Self locking nuts may not be used when either the bolt or the nut is subject to rotation. If the maintenance procedures do not specify a torque value for a bolt or nut, how can you determine the proper values? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Consult a standard torque table such as found in AC 43.13-1B What is the most commonly used type of aircraft control cable? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔Extra flexible 7 x 19 stainless steel (CRS) cable. What type of precision measuring instruments can be used to measure the outside dimension of aircraft parts? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Outside micrometer and vernier Calipers. For what reasons should a micrometer be periodically checked? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ If dropped, its accuracy may be affected. Or, if the spindle is over-tightened, the frame may be sprung, or continually sliding objects between the anvil and the spindle may wear the surfaces.
What are two types of fluid lines commonly found in aircraft? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Rigid metal lines, and flexible hoses. Describe the method of classifying tube according to it's size. - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Metal tubing is sized according to wall thickness and outside diameter. Outside diameter is measure in 1/16th inch increments. When installing stainless steel tubing, what type of fitting should be used? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Stainless steel fittings. What is the function of the sleeve on the flared tube fitting? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ The nut fits over the sleeve and draws the sleeve and the tubing flare tightly against the male fitting to form the seal. Describe the two types of flares commonly used on aircraft tubing. - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔The single flare and the double flare. How can you determine if a fitting is an AN type fitting rather than an AC type? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ AN fittings have a shoulder between the flare cone and the end of the threads, AC fittings do not. What are the most significant differences between AN and AC fittings? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔Sleeve length, thread pitch, and the shoulder between the threads and the flare cone on AN fittings. What are the names of the parts of a flareless tube fitting? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ The nut and the ferrule or sleeve. How do you tell a flareless fitting from a flare-type fitting? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Flareless fittings don't have a flare cone and there is no space between the threads and the end of the fitting. What is the effect of over-tightening a flare type fitting? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ The sealing surface may be damaged or the flare cut off.
Why are quick disconnect fittings used? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ To provide a means to quick disconnect a fluid line without loss of fluid or entrance of air into the system. Describe the steps involved in a dye penetrant inspection? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ The surface is cleaned, and the penetrant is applied and allowed to dwell for a specified time. The penetrant is then removed with a emulsifier or cleaner. Once removed, the part is dried and then the developer is applied. The results are then inspected and interpreted. Name some tools that are commonly used to assist in making visual inspections of welds. - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ A magnifying glass, flashlight, mirror, and possibly a borescope. What are some of the non-destructive testing methods that may be used on aluminum parts? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Visual, dye penetrant, eddy current, ultrasonic testing and radiography. What process occurs during the penetrant stage of a dye penetrant inspection when the penetrating liquid is applied, and then removed from a cracked part? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔ The penetrant enters the crack by capillary action and remains there until made visual by the developer. A correctly made butt weld will have what bead width and what penetration? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ The bead should be 3 to 5 times the thickness of the base metal and there must be 100% penetration. What telltale characteristics are evidence of a cold weld? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ A cold weld has rough, irregular edges that are not feathered into the base metal and has variations in penetration amounts. The penetration of a filet weld should be what percentage of the thickness of the base metal? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ 25-50% Describe the basic steps for conducting a magnetic particle inspection. - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔ Magnetize the part, then coat the surface with ferromagnetic particles. If a defect
of discontinuity is present, the particles align with the discontinuity forming a visible pattern. Is there any requirement for cleaning an aircraft prior to an annual or 100 hour inspection? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ It is not only good, common sense, but it is a legal requirement as specified in FAR Part 4., Apendix D. Discuss the general precautions that should be observed when washing an airplane. - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Avoid or protect areas, which may be damaged of contaminated, such as: Pitot and static ports, hinges, sealed areas, and bearings. What are some of the more common light duty cleaning agents? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔Soap or detergents and water. What materials are commonly used as heavy duty cleaners? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊 ✔✔Solvents and emulsions What are the preferred cleaners for plastic surfaces such as windshields? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Mild soap and water or a manufacturer approved cleaner. What type of cleaning agents should be used to remove grease, oil, or fuel from aircraft tires? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Soap and water. Give at least three examples of the factors that cause or influence corrosion. - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ (1) The environmental conditions (2) The presence of dissimilar metals. (3) The type of metal. (4) The presence of electrolytes and or contaminants. (5) The condition of protective coatings. Name at least three forms of corrosion. - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ (1) Surface (2) Intergranular (3) Filiform
(5) Inspection (6) Installing protective covers (7) Keep drain holes free and clear. Describe the tools that should be used to remove corrosion from anodized aluminum surfaces. - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Nylon scrubber pads such as "Scotch Brite", bristle brushes, aluminum wool or aluminum wire brushes. Describe the effects of using steel brushes or steel wool to remove corrosion from aluminum surfaces. - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Steel brushes or steel wool must not be used to clean aluminum because the steel particles can become embedded in the aluminum and cause corrosion. What is the purpose of Alodine? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Alodine is a chemical process that deposits a protective film on aluminum alloys. The film improves corrosion resistance and paint adhesion. For what reason should you avoid cleaning anodized aluminum surfaces with aluminum metal polish? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ The metal polish removes the protective oxide coating. Why should aircraft fabrics and plastics be cleaned only with recommended cleaners?
- 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Recommended cleaners cause the least amount of deterioration or damage. List at least five examples of areas in an aircraft that are prone to corrosion. - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ (1) Battery compartments (2) Exhaust trail areas (3) Bilge areas (4) Vent areas (5) Landing gear and wheel wells. (6) Fuel tanks (7) Wing flap recesses
(8) Around and below galleys and lavatories (9) Piano Hinges (10) Any area that can trap water Name at least three possible hazards that may be encountered during typical ground operations, such as engine run-up or taxiing? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ The possibility of fire, especially during engine starting. Turning props, rotors, prop or jet blast and inlet areas. Other aircraft, vehicles, people and obstacles Foreign objects such as rocks, gravel, rags, or loose hardware. High noise levels that might cause hearing damage. Hydraulic lock in radial engines. Weathervaning of tailwheel aircraft. What is the most generally knot for tying down small aircraft? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ the bowline (although other anti-slip knots may be used). Describe the precautions that should be taken to protect life and property while starting and running an aircraft engine. - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Study the procedures in the Aircraft Flight Manual. Be sure the propeller or inlet area is clear and check for loose stones, gravel, etc. that could be sucked into the prop or engine. Also ensure that the prop or jet blast doesn't blow into hangars or other airplanes, and have a fire guard nearby. If an engine induction fire occurs when starting a reciprocating engine, what procedure should be followed to extinguish the fire? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Continue cranking the engine to start it and suck the fire into the engine. If the engine does not start and the fire continues to burn, discontinue the start attempt and extinguish the fire with a suitable fire extinguisher. What safety procedures must be observed when hand-propping a small aircraft engine? - 🔷ANSWERS 🖊✔✔ Become thoroughly trained. Have a qualified person in the cockpit, check the brakes, call "Switch OFF" before moving the prop, and make sure you have solid footing. When ready to start, call "CONTACT" and listen for the reply. Swing the prop with the flat of your hand and move back from the prop arc.
