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EXSS 288 Final Exam 2025 (Questions with Verified Answers) Graded A+
Typology: Exams
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What should you always check for in dislocations? innervation & circulation What is a hill-sahs lesion? articulating surface at top of the humerus is chipped or torn during dislocation How to handle a glenohumeral dislocation? Not a medical emergency unless circulation is compromised. Use a sling & swathe, take individual to ER What joint is associated with shoulder separation? acromioclavicular joint (AC) Mechanism: FOOSH *When you push down on bone, it pops back up (dislocation) ~ Typically non-surgical *One clavicle sits higher than the other Care: Sling & Ice Why is posterior sternoclavicular dislocations worrisome? Can be life-threatening because of obstruction of airway and neurovascular structures (veins & nerves) ~ Call EMS Mechanism: FOOSH *Posterior dislocations & strains are rare Anterior dislocations: sling, swathe & take to ER
True/False: Shoulder pointer contusion has the same signs & symptoms as 1˙ AC separation? True: Happens b/c of fall on or blow to top of shoulder What are four overuse injuries?
Cause of injury: Direct blow, dislocation, falling on an outstreatched arm Care for humerus fracture? Humeral fracture- put in a sling, take to UC or ER for x-ray and pain meds; ice as long as circulation & innervation
From internal organ dysfunction or referred from a nerve root irritation or nerve impingement or referred from the pain of the neck or shoulder What type of joint is the radio-ulnar? pivot
Why is the bursa in the elbow frequently injured? Prone to acute/chronic injury because of superficial location & results because of direct blow/fall Treatment of a bursa? Acute condition: ice/compression Chronic: protective therapy pad during competition What kind of fractures are possible in the elbow?
brachial artery & median nerve get pinched in the fracture of the humerus & hand hangs down because of nerve/artery damage Where is medial epicondyle fracture most commonly seen?
What does the surgical procedure called the "tommy john" repair? Surgical procedure called "tommy john" is often used to repair the medial collateral ligament and joint capsule How is medial epichondylitis "little league/pitcher's/golfer's/ javelin-thrower's/ racquetball elbow" caused? repeated forceful flexion of the wrist leading to pain around medial epicondyle Treatment for medial epicondylitis? Treatment: cryotherapy or heat through the application of an ultrasound, anti-inflammatories, counterforce brace, severe cases may have splinting for 7-10 days How is lateral epicondylitis ("tennis elbow") caused? stems from a backhand strike involving repetitive overextension of the wrist; Irritation & inflammation of the insertion of the extensor muscle of lateral epicondyle Pain during activity with weakness What is the treatment for lateral epicondylitis?
Treatment: PRICE & anti-inflammatory drugs & rehabilitation with ROM exercises, stretching What is one of the most common problems of the elbow in sports? lateral epicondylitis What is the most commonly broken bone in the hand? scaphoid b/c of extension of wrist (FOOSH) How are the lunate & scaphoid fractured? FOOSH How can you tell if someone broke their scaphoid? press the anatomical snuff box and if it's fractured, they'll scream What is the most commonly dislocated bone in the hand? lunate & is caused by a fall in either direction (flexion & extension)
Where does the median nerve track? under retinaculum ~ carpal tunnel syndrome What is colles fracture? Occurs at the distal radius leading to dorsal displacement of radius because of hyperextension *Always check circulation: - radial/ulnar pulse, color, temp, capillary refill and innervation (dermatomes and wiggling fingers slightly) What is smith's fracture? Occurs at distal radius leading to palmar displacement of the radius typically because of hyperflexion **always check circulation: - radial/ulnar pulse, color, temp, capillary refill and innervation (dermatomes and wiggling fingers slightly)
What is bennett's fracture? fracture of the 1st metacarpal at Intra-articular (carpal-metacarapal joint), which typically needs fixation What type of injury usually happens to the phalanges? dislocations at PIP jiont, but sometimes fractures Cause: "jammed" or caught in jersey, net, etc. Often associated with fracture Can be open dislocation What does an avulsion fracture of the extensor digitorum produce? "mallet finger" happens when the finger is straight and there is a force on the end putting it in hyperflexion that leads to popping the extensor tendon out of place. You must splint the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) straight immediately- put something underneath it and tape it so it stays straight. If you don't, there may not be reattachment. What does an avulsion fracture of the flexor digitorum profundus create? "jersey finger" b/c finger is usually caught it in a jersey. It will just hang there. To tell if someone has jersey finger: ask them to flex their finger and they won't be able to.
How do you treat a jammed finger? Try and see if finger goes side to side (if can't, jammed finger) First aid for jammed finger: splint finger, ice it, light compression, get it looked at What is subungual hematoma? How do you treat it? Blood pooling pushes up on the nerve under the nail The pressure causes pain You need to release the blood if they have a really bad contusion- send them to hospital to aspirate. What is carpal tunnel syndrome? Compression on the median nerve at the wrist Very common in 30-50 y.o. females Usually in dominant hand Can be caused from direct trauma (hyperextension) or overuse (laptop usage) Causes a lot of fluid in the tunnel, which causes pressure to impinge the nerve What is ulnar neuropathy or "cyclist's palsy?"
Overuse/Compression/direct trauma of the ulnar nerve in the hypothenar eminence (squishy part of hand under pinky to wrist)
*They don't collapse when impacted because they are not hollow organs What are the hollow organs? Hollow organs: stomach, small and large intestines, gallbladder, fallopian tubes, ureters, and uniary bladder, Where is liver/gallbladder pain region? liver area on front and back & right shoulder/neck below right scapula Where is small intestine pain region? belly button Where is appendix pain point? appendix area
Where is ureter pain point? groin Where is lung and diaphragm pain region? left shoulder