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A series of multiple-choice questions and answers covering key concepts in sport psychology. topics include motivation theories (attribution theory, achievement goal theory), anxiety and arousal regulation, the impact of competition on intrinsic motivation, psychological skills training, and athlete burnout. the questions are designed to test understanding of these concepts and their application in athletic contexts.
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In a general psychological sense, motivation can be defined as - ✔✔the direction and intensity of one's effort In terms of motivational approaches, the "trait-centered view" focused on ___________ whereas the "situation-centered view" takes primary focus on __________. The most widely accepted approach, though, is the __________ view, which incorporates the previous two approaches. - ✔✔individual characteristics, the environment/situation, interactional Attribution theory focuses on - ✔✔how individuals explain their success and failure According to Achievement Goal Theory, individuals can adopt certain outcome goal orientations. The orientation towards skill development or improvement is labeled as ______. - ✔✔task/mastery You are a U-15 soccer coach who notices that one of your athletes loses motivation after each error she makes. She says, "It's always my fault and no matter how hard I train, I will always make mistakes". According to Weiner's basic attribution categories, this athlete views her mistakes as ________. - ✔✔out of one's control Your textbook refers to arousal as the - ✔✔intensity dimensions of motivation at a particular moment A low trait-anxious athlete (compared to a high trait-anxious athlete) would perceive competition as - ✔✔less threatening and less anxiety producing ________ concerns the degree to which one worries or has negative thoughts. - ✔✔cognitive state anxiety Hanin's individualized zones of optimal functioning (IZOF) model suggests that - ✔✔each individual has a specific optimal bandwidth of arousal where performance is optimized
You are a consultant for a Little League softball team in your hometown. One of the players comes to you and asks if you can help her with some anxiety she is feeling during games. Appropriate guidelines for applying your arousal and anxiety knowledge may include: - ✔✔A. develop her confidence to lower her arousal and anxiety B. recognize how personal and situational factors interact to influence her arousal and performance C. tailor coaching and instructional practices to her individual circumstances D. all of the above Competition is best described as: - ✔✔Rewards being given to people on the basis of how their performance compares with other performances The final stage of the sport competition process according to Martens, the Consequences stage, involves three longer-term effects/outcomes. These include: - ✔✔Performance, attitudes, health Which game structure category does a 100-yard sprint most likely fit into? - ✔✔Competitive means- competitive ends Which of the following components is NOT required for cooperation? - ✔✔Self-referenced goals A youth soccer coach wants to improve cooperation among his team as he feels some kids possess great athletic skills while some need to learn the basics of the game. Which is not a way to implement cooperation among his team to address this concern? - ✔✔Allow the kids to play the same position each game ____________ feedback provides information about specific behaviors, levels of proficiency that should be achieved, and the current level of proficiency. - ✔✔Instructional In terms of the relationship between competition and intrinsic motivation, competitive success tends to _______ intrinsic motivation, whereas competitive failure tends to ________ intrinsic motivation. - ✔✔increase, decrease
Which of the following is NOT included in Kirschenbaum's five-stage model of self-regulation? - ✔✔Mental strength Which of the following answer choices correctly defines Psychological Skills training? - ✔✔A systematic and consistent practice of mental or psychological skills for the purpose of enhancing performance, increasing enjoyment, or achieving greater sport and physical activity self-satisfaction Jenna, a high school tennis star, is committed to taking her game to the next level and decides to try PST. Which stage of the PST program is Jenna in if she is focusing on automate skills through overlearning, integrating skills in practice and gradually into competition, and stimulating situations that require the use of the skills? - ✔✔Practice When designing a psychological skills program, it is important to include foundation, performance, personal development and team skills. Foundational skills are: - ✔✔intrapersonal resources that are the basic mental skills necessary to achieve success. T/F: Expecting to beat a tough opponent or successfully perform a difficult skill can produce exceptional performance as psychological barriers are overcome. - ✔✔True Sources of sport confidence include: - ✔✔All of the above Which of the following is NOT a benefit of self-confidence as discussed in the textbook? - ✔✔Confidence makes one physically stronger According to the textbook, ________ is the belief that you can successfully perform a desired behavior. - ✔✔self-confidence When Roger Bannister broke the 4-minute mile barrier, he overcame a negative _______________ that claimed it was physically impossible to run a mile that fast. - ✔✔self-fulfilling prophecy The "five stages of grief", as conceptualized by Hardy and Crace, are composed of all of the following EXCEPT? - ✔✔Suicidal thoughts
According to the stress and athletic injury model, a potentially stressful situation may lead to an increased chance of injury through which mechanisms? - ✔✔A. Perception of threat B. Increased state anxiety C. Attention or distractions D. Muscle tension E. All of the above According to studies done in groups of athletes, which combination of life stress and personality factors would result in the greatest risk of athletic injury? - ✔✔Low social support and low coping skills; high trait anxiety Morgan, a collegiate lacrosse player, sustained a concussion when she ran into an opposing player during an important qualifying match. Morgan says that she was "so focused" on chasing down the ball, and did not see how close she was to the other player before they collided. Which explanation for injury best applies to Morgan's case? - ✔✔Attentional disruption You are a certified athletic trainer for a high school football team. A player on the team, named Kyle, recently broke his femur and will be out for the rest of the season. Which of the following would be an appropriate guideline for you to follow when helping Kyle in his injury recovery process? - ✔✔Give Kyle a detailed outline of what his recovery process will look like. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic/dimension of burnout? - ✔✔Increases in sport-related training Jenny is a D1 ice hockey player. Lately she hasn't been feeling like herself. She is performing poorly and has lost a significant amount of weight. She is having trouble concentrating and is struggling with a lot of muscle soreness and other injuries. From these symptoms, Jenny is most likely experiencing: - ✔✔Overtraining syndrome Which of the following are considered treatment or prevention strategies for athlete burnout? - ✔✔A. Scheduled breaks from sport B. Maintaining a positive outlook C. Staying in good physical condition