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A laboratory experiment conducted in the university of portland's school of engineering for the electrical circuits course (ee271). Students will analyze, construct, and test dc resistive circuits to gain hands-on experience and verify electrical circuit theorems such as superposition principle, thevenin and norton equivalent circuits, and maximum power transfer theorem. Pre-lab assignments, lab experiments, and discussions.
Typology: Lab Reports
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I. Objective
In this experiment, the students will analyze, construct and test dc resistive circuits to gain further insight and hands-on experience on electrical circuits as well as to verify some of the circuit theorems they learn in class such as the Superposition Principle , Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits and Maximum Power Transfer Theorem.
II. Procedure
PART 1: Superposition Principle
Pre-lab Assignment 1.a: For the circuit shown in Fig. 1, calculate the voltage V 2 across the resistor R 2 using the superposition principle.
Pre-lab Assignment 1.b: For the circuit shown in Fig. 1, reverse the polarity of the 5 V dc voltage source and redo pre-lab assignment 1.1.
2
Fig. 1. A resistive circuit excited by two dc voltage sources.
Lab Experiment 1.a: Construct the resistive circuit shown in Fig. 1. Measure and record the actual values of the resistors R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 used in your circuit. To verify the superposition principle, measure and record the voltage V 2 for three cases:
Lab Experiment 2.a: Construct the circuit shown in Fig. 2. Measure and record the actual values of the resistors used in your circuit. Verify the Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits obtained in pre-lab assignment 2.a by measuring the open-circuit voltage V OC and the short-circuit current I SC between terminals A and B. Lab Experiment 2.b: Connect a load resistance with the optimum value R L,opt between terminals A - B in the original circuit shown in Fig. 2. Measure the voltage V L across R L,opt and use it to verify the P L,max value calculated in pre-lab assignment 2.b.
PART 3: Maximum power to a load resistance with fixed value
Pre-lab Assignment 3: In Fig. 3, assume that the load resistance R L has a fixed value given by R L=1 kΩ. (a) How much power is being delivered to R L? (b) Your job is to introduce a single external resistor R ext into the circuit with an appropriate value to maximize power delivery to the 1 kΩ load. What is the value of R ext? Where should it be connected? What is P L,max? (Note that this problem is different than the maximum power transfer theorem.)
Lab Experiment 3: Verify the results of pre-lab assignment 3 experimentally. Measure and record the load voltage V L and the current I L with and without the external resistance connected and calculate the load power using P L = V L I L in each case. Approximately how much percent did the load power increase due to the introduction of the external resistance R ext into the circuit?
3 kΩ
kΩ
Fig. 3. A circuit with a fixed load resistance having a value R L=1 kΩ.
III. Discussions & Conclusion
In this section, discuss the various aspects of Experiment # 4 and make some conclusions. In your write-up, you should at least address the following questions: