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DSM-IV
manual (published by APA) listing more than 200 mental disorders grouped into 17 broad categories TERM 2
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
DEFINITION 2 : a persistent undercurrent of free-floating anxiety, not linked to an identifiable source TERM 3
Panic disorder
DEFINITION 3 frequent, sudden intense rushes of anxiety, usually lasting for several minutes, can lead to agoraphobia TERM 4
agoraphobia
DEFINITION 4 a fear of being in public places that are hard to escape TERM 5
Phobic disorder
DEFINITION 5 a person reacts to an object or event with high levels of anxiety, knows that the reaction is irrational, and copes by avoidance
Simple
phobia
fear of specific object/situation TERM 7
Social
phobia
DEFINITION 7 fear of situations that invite public scrutiny TERM 8
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
DEFINITION 8 characterized by constant obsessions (intrusions into consciousness of disturbing thoughts) and compulsions (behavior rituals performed to minimize anxiety stemming from obsessions) TERM 9
Dissociative Disorders
DEFINITION 9 Conditions marked by temporary disruption of memory, consciousness, or self-identity TERM 10
amnesia
DEFINITION 10 a partial or complete loss of memory
unipolar major depression
: Must display 5/9 symptoms for at least 2 weeks (SCAMS IN WWF) TERM 17
SCAMS IN WWF
DEFINITION 17 S = Sadness C = Concentration problems A = Anhedonia (apathy, loss of interest in once-enjoyed actitivites) M = Motor coordination difficulties S = Suicidal thoughts IN = Insomnia W = Weight loss/gain W = Worthlessness F = Fatigue TERM 18
learned helplessness
DEFINITION 18 expectation that one cannot control important life outcomes Seligmans (1975) experiments with dogs TERM 19
depressive explanatory style
DEFINITION 19 tendency to attribute negative outcomes (e.g., why did I fail that test, why wouldnt he/she go out with me) to factors that are internal rather than external (Its my fault), stable rather than unstable (It will not change), and global rather than specific (This reflects ALL parts of my life) leads to hopelessness TERM 20
bipolar depression
DEFINITION 20 significant vacillations between mania and depression
Schizophrenic Disorders
Disorders involving gross distortions of thoughts and perceptions and by loss of contact with reality TERM 22
5 major symptoms of depression (positive and
negative)
DEFINITION 22
- Incoherent thinking 2. Delusions/false beliefs: Influence Grandeur Reference Persecution 3. Hallucinations 4. Disturbance of affect/emotional experience 5. Bizarre behavior TERM 23
types of schizophrenia
DEFINITION 23 disorganized, catatonic, paranoid, undifferentiated TERM 24
disorganized schitzophrenia
DEFINITION 24 illogical thinking, incoherent speech, exaggerated displays of emotion TERM 25
catatonic schizophrenia
DEFINITION 25 extremes in motor activity ranging from motionless stupors to bursts of hyperactivity
Reflection
a paraphrased summary of the clients words and, importantly, the feelings and meanings that accompany them TERM 32
behavioral therapy
DEFINITION 32 try to help clients view psychological problems as LEARNED behaviors that can be changed TERM 33
how are behaviors learned and maintained?
DEFINITION 33 Behaviors are learned through classical conditioning, and maintained through operant conditioning If past learning experiences can produce problems, new learning experiences can alleviate them TERM 34
systematic desensitization
DEFINITION 34 method for reducing intense anxiety in which the client visualizes a graduated series of anxiety provoking-stimuli while maintaining a state of relaxation. TERM 35
in vivo desensitization
DEFINITION 35 In vivo means "in real life." Anxiety treatment for panic disorder and agoraphobia patients involves systematic desensitization "in the field" for overcoming phobias Procedure works by classically conditioning a new, calmer response (CR) to the fear-provoking stimulus (CS)
flooding
immediately exposing a fearful client to the most distressing item on the desensitization hierarchy TERM 37
modeling
DEFINITION 37 the client watches other people perform desired behaviors TERM 38
positive
reinforcement
DEFINITION 38 setting up rules that specify the behaviors to be strengthened through reinforcement TERM 39
token economy
DEFINITION 39 system of reinforcing desirable behaviors with tokens that are later exchanged for desired rewards TERM 40
aversive conditioning
DEFINITION 40 learning to associate physical or psychological discomfort with behaviors, thoughts, or situations the client wishes to stop
