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Exam NEVR2010: Neuroscience Questions, Exams of Anatomy

Villa Maria CollegeAnatomy

A portion of an exam focused on neuroscience, including both short answer and true or false questions. Topics covered include the central nervous system, cranial nerves, thalamus, visual and auditory pathways, taste and olfactory systems, and neuronal function. Students are required to answer questions related to the structure and function of various parts of the nervous system, as well as the role of specific neurotransmitters and receptors.

Typology: Exams

2021/2022

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Date 6 June 2013
Examination NEVR2010
There are two types of questions.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS and TRUE or FALSE questions.
Each short answer question requires only a short answer and behind each question is
indicated how many points you will get in case of a correct answer. Simple questions will
yield 1 point and a higher number of points indicate that a more complex and/or elaborate
answer is required.
True or false questions always score 1 point. You are required to clearly indicate the right
answer by writing either True or False on your answer document. Do not add to the answer
in any way, because that may influence the mark you will get.
The exam comprises a total of 68 questions (100 points) on 6 pages (including the cover
page).
You have 6 hours to complete the exam.
Use of dictionaries and other tools of assistance. You are allowed ONE dictionary that
translates standard language from your mother tongue to English, i.e. French-English,
German-English etc. NO SPECIALIZED DICTIONARIES WILL BE ALLOWED, such
as English-English dictionaries that provide definitions, or medical dictionaries of any
description. Native English or Norwegian speakers are not allowed any dictionary.
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Partial preview of the text

Download Exam NEVR2010: Neuroscience Questions and more Exams Anatomy in PDF only on Docsity!

Date 6 June 2013

Examination NEVR

There are two types of questions.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS and TRUE or FALSE questions.

Each short answer question requires only a short answer and behind each question is indicated how many points you will get in case of a correct answer. Simple questions will yield 1 point and a higher number of points indicate that a more complex and/or elaborate answer is required.

True or false questions always score 1 point. You are required to clearly indicate the right answer by writing either True or False on your answer document. Do not add to the answer in any way, because that may influence the mark you will get.

The exam comprises a total of 68 questions (100 points) on 6 pages (including the cover page).

You have 6 hours to complete the exam.

Use of dictionaries and other tools of assistance. You are allowed ONE dictionary that translates standard language from your mother tongue to English, i.e. French-English, German-English etc. NO SPECIALIZED DICTIONARIES WILL BE ALLOWED, such as English-English dictionaries that provide definitions, or medical dictionaries of any description. Native English or Norwegian speakers are not allowed any dictionary.

40 SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

  1. Where in the central nervous system do we find the three main groups of neurons that originate the parasympathetic component of the autonomic nervous system? ( 3 )
  2. Give a short but complete definition of what is meant by primary motor cortex. ( 2 )
  3. Give the name of the cranial nerve that carries somatosensory information from the face to the brain. ( 1 )
  4. What is the name of the specific thalamic nucleus that receives somatosensory information? ( 1)
  5. Describe the pathways that directly connect the retina to the primary visual cortex and indicate where in the brain signals from the left and right retina are really integrated. ( 4 )
  6. Give a short definition of a motor unit. ( 1 )
  7. There are three types of light-sensitive elements in the retina. Give the names of all three and describe the main characteristic differences between the three elements. ( 3 )
  8. What is actually measured with BOLD fMRI? ( 1 )
  9. Describe the main mechanisms that are responsible for the resting membrane potential (ca. – 65 mV) in neurons. ( 2 )
  10. Which two main types of receptors exist in the central nervous system? ( 2 )
  11. Why does an axon potential normally travel only in one direction that is away from the soma? ( 2 )
  12. We know a lot about functions in the brain due to the study of patients that have lesions. Describe two examples briefly, indicating the location of the lesion and the resulting behavioral deficit. ( 4 )
  13. Where in the cortex of the telencepahlon brain is the main representation of olfactory information localized? Describe or make a drawing ( 1 )
  14. A similar morphology of olfactory sensory neurons has been found across various species. Make a drawing of a typical olfactory sensory neuron and name the most important sub-structures. (2)
  15. What is the name of the system particularly devoted to processing information about pheromones? ( 1 )
  1. Where precisely in the central nervous system do we find the cell bodies that innervate the muscles of the body? ( 1 )
  2. During the formation of the neural tube, a number of embryonic cells differentiate into the so-called neural crest. Name two derivatives of neural crest cells. ( 2 )
  3. The developing neural tube initially differentiates into four different plates that eventually form the final functional components seen in the spinal cord and brainstem. Name the plate from which motor neurons in the spinal cord derive. ( 1 )
  4. The rhombencephalon of the vertebrate brain differentiates into two brain parts (secondary brain vesicles). What are these two secondary brain vesicles called? ( 2 )
  5. What is meant by the statement that an animal habituates? ( 1 )
  6. What is neurophilosophy? ( 3 )
  7. Describe a neural correlate of consciousness. ( 2 )

28 TRUE or FALSE QUESTIONS (each question is 1 point; total points for this part: 28)

  1. The sympathetic cell bodies that provide the major sympathetic innervations of the gonads are located in the spinal cord at sacral levels. True or False
  2. Motorneurons in the brain stem derive from the neural crest. True or False
  3. The membrane of a presynaptic element of a chemical synapse does contain receptor molecules. True or False
  4. Oligodendrocytes are gliacells that are specific for the peripheral nervous system. True or False
  5. With Nodes of Ravier we indicate the branching points of neuronal dendrites. True or False
  6. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter. True or False
  7. The cerebral cortex of the brain is defined as the outer portion that is covered by meningeal layers. True or False
  8. The depolarization phase of an action potential is characterized by the opening of Na+ channels in the membrane. True or False
  9. Extracellular sodium increase leads to inhibiton of the neuron_. True or False_
  1. Overexpression of beta-amyloid is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. True or False
  2. Cytochrome c oxidase is affected in hydrogen sulfide neurotoxicity. True or False
  3. Neuronal activity as detected with BOLD fMRI correlates best with spiking activity. True or False
  4. The two internal carotid arteries are the main blood supply of the forebrain. True or False
  5. The citric acid cycle is a process that takes place in the cell membrane. True or False
  6. The mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus are involved in maintaining postural balance. True or False
  7. Ketamine is an anaesthetic that selective targets GABA receptors. True or False
  8. Amacrine neurons in the retina are light sensitive. True or False
  9. Spinal cord segments at the cervical level contain neurons that originate part of the parasympathetic nervous system. True or False
  10. The notochord or chorda forms the ventral portion of the neural tube. True or False
  11. The pituitary develops solely as a derivative of the neural tube. True or False
  12. The pineal gland or epiphysis is the main site for the production of adrenalin. True or False
  13. Energy is needed to maintain the resting membrane potential. True or False
  14. The olfactory bulb is the target area of the olfactory nerve. True or False
  15. All neurons in the hippocampus are place cells. True or False
  16. The facial muscles on the left side are innervated by neurons in the right facial nucleus. True or False
  17. The primary auditory cortex is tonotopically organized. True or False
  18. Bitter substances bind specifically to the T2R receptor. True or False
  19. All sensory information reaches the cerebral cortex by way of a synaptic relay in the thalamus. True or False