Exam3 – NSG 3250 Questions and Answers (100% Guaranteed Pass) Latest Update 2025- Galen, Exams of Nursing

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Exam3 – NSG 3250

Questions and

Answers

(100% Guaranteed

Pass)

Latest Update

2025- Galen

left hemisphere functions -right hand -spoken language -number skills -scientific functions -written language -reasoning Right hemisphere functions -left hand -music -spacial orientation -artistic function -insight -creativity The cerebrum makes up the: _____, ______, ________, and ______ lobes Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital The brain stem makes up the: _____, _____, and the _____ Midbrain, pons, and medulla If there is a drop of 2 points or more in the GCS, this indicates a significant clinical change and the MD should be notified

due to cardiac dysrhythmias (EMBOLISM) Some manifestations of ischemic stroke include: Numbness or weakness of face, arm, or legs aphasia vision loss mental status change change in communication Interventions for ischemic strokes: Body positioning to prevent contractures and compressive neuropathies ROM 4-5 times a day to prevent DVTs, or VTEs, Hemorrhagic strokes are caused by Bleeding in the brain secondary to chronic HTN or an aneurysm Some manifestations of hemorrhagic strokes include having the "worst headache of my life" alteration of LOC seizures sudden onset of agitation (priority) changes in pupils Being unarousable, unconsciousness, and unresponsiveness are indicators of Coma Unresponsiveness to environment, makes no movement or sounds but can open eyes is called _______ Akinetic mutism

devoid of cognitive function but has sleep-wake cycles persistent vegetative state •inability to move or respond except for eye movements due to a lesion affecting the pons Locked-in syndrome Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) an increase in fluids around the brain which causes pressure due to nonexpendable skull, less arterial blood can enter the "high pressure" area and tissue becomes compressed, decrease function of neurons, brain tissue eventually dies, leads to widespread loss of function Brain tissues may shift through the dura and result in herniation increased CO2 results in vasodilation Decreased CO2 results in vasoconstriction Episodes of abnormal motor, sensory, autonomic, or psychic activity that results from a sudden excessive discharge from cerebral neurons is called seizures Neuro overload, lack of sleep, brain tumor, electrolyte imbalance, alcohol withdrawal are risk factors for seizures Staring or subtle body movement and brief loss of consciousness are ________ seizures absence (Petit mal)

perform neuro assessment During a seizure, DO NOT ______ or _______ open mouth restrain patient Carbamazepine therapeutic range 8- Phenytoin therapeutic range 10-20 mcg/mL valproate therapeutic range 50-125 mcg/mL Levetriacetam (keppra) therapeutic range 12- Seizures that last longer than 5 mins or repeated occurrences for over 30 mins is called ______ Status epilepticus for status epilepticus, what IV meds would you give? Lorazepam, diazepam (valium) with a loading dose of Phenytoin

Primary cause of epilepsy is idiopathic ______ is the leading cause of epilepsy in older adults over the age of 65 dementia Some anti epileptics can cause gum hypertrophy Modifiable risk factors for CVA include: •A-fib •Hypertension is the primary risk factor •Cardiovascular disease •Elevated cholesterol or elevated hematocrit •Obesity •Diabetes •Long-term oral contraceptive use •Smoking and drug and alcohol abuse Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) Minor stroke; where neurological function is regained quickly with time •Temporary neurologic deficit resulting from a temporary impairment of blood flow

If a patient has a lower motor neuron lesion, what is likely to be suspected? loss of deep tendon reflexes The _______ regulates temperature control hypothalamus What is the path behind Parkinson's disease? Decreased availability of dopamine _______ is given to a patient following cerebral edema to dehydrate brain tissue Mannitol What is literally ALWAYS the priority nursing intervention, especially for an unconscious patient? Maintain airway patency If a patient is a long term user of phenytoin, what should be the main nursing intervention? Provide oral care Nuchal rigidity and photophobia are signs of ________ meningitis If a patient has an elevated ICP, what diagnostic test is contraindicated? Lumbar puncture If a patient is in status epilepticus, what medication should be given?

IV Diazepam What position should a patient be placed in with increased ICP? Elevated 30-45 degrees A massive volume of urine output after brain surgery is usually indicative of ________ Diabetes insipidus If there is a brain tumor increasing ICP what medication can be given to decrease the ICP? Corticosteroids like Dexamethasone A client has experienced a seizure in which she became rigid and then experienced alternating muscle relaxation and contraction. What type of seizure does the nurse recognize? Generalized seizure SIADH syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone If a patient has SIADH, what nursing intervention should you do? Restrict fluids and monitor electrolyte levels If a patient is reporting a headache after surgery, what nursing intervention should be done? Administer morphine sulfate as needed Cerebral edema is expected to be present ____________ following intracranial surgery 24- hours

trigeminal neuralgia characterized by severe lightning-like pain due to an inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve Pain occurs in the face Treatments for trigeminal neuralgia include antiseizure medications or small surgical options to compress the trigeminal nerve Pts with trigeminal neuralgia will often neglect ___________ to prevent attacks self care Stimulations such as washing face, brushing teeth, or a draft of air can cause the attacks Bells palsy is the inflammation of the _______ cranial nerve 7th (facial) Autonomic manifestations of Parkinson's include: •sweating, drooling, flushing, orthostatic hypotension, gastric and urinary retention Psychiatric manifestations of parkinsons includes: •depression, anxiety, dementia, delirium, hallucinations The inability to initiate the first voluntary movement is called ________ which is a major sign of parkinsons bradykinesia

Later progression of parkinsons include _______ loss of autonomic movements such as blinking, smiling, or swinging arms Not blinking Dementia will also become evident in later stages of parkinsons Dopa medications treat __________ Parkinsons Stage 1 Parkinson's -unilateral limb involvement -minimal weakness -hand and arm trembling stage 2 parkinsons bilateral limb involvement, masklike face, slow gait Stage 3 Parkinson's Postural instability, increased gait disturbances Stage 4 Parkinson's Tremors can decrease but akinesia and rigidity make day-to-day tasks difficult Stage 5 Parkinson's

Increased ICP An epidural hematoma is _________ and the nursing intervention would be to ___________ An EMERGENCY Prepare to skull opening Clinical manifestations of neurogenic shock include ______ and ______ Bradycardia and hypotension so preparing meds to increase those would be the nursing intervention for a patient with neurogenic shock If a client just sustained a TBI, what medication is prescribed for sedation and does not affect cerebral blood flow or ICP? Benzodiazepines If a client has sustained a non depressed skull injury, what is the priority action? carefully monitoring What is a common cause of autonomic dysreflexia? Bladder distention/ full bladder A severe, throbbing headache can be indicative of it

What medication can be given for spasmic episodes? Baclofen "My BAC is having a spasm! OUCH!" idk What is most likely always the priority nursing diagnosis after a stroke? disturbed sensory perception refractive errors -Myopia (Near sightedness) -Hyperopia (Far sightedness) -Presbyopia (loss of lens elasticity) -Astigmatism (Irregular curvature of cornea) legally blind severely impaired vision; having 20/200 acuity How do you approach a blind patient? Knock on he door and make yourself known Cataracts is a ____ related disorder age drying of the lens due to water loss

-Decreased visual acuity. ************ -blurred vision -Diplopia -Color reception is also decreased Physical assessment findings in a patient with cataracts includes: -Progressive vision loss -Absent red reflex (SIGNIFICANT) -Opaque vision ________________ prevents pupil constriction for long periods of time and relaxes muscles in the eye Anticholinergics During ______________, old lens is removed and replacement prosthetic lens is inserted cataracts surgery retinal detachment separation of the retina from the underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically Bright flashing lights, floating dark spots are S/S of retinal detachment Post op care for retinal re-attachment Eye patch

Report any adverse effects avoid activities that increase IOP The leading cause of blindness between ages of 20- Diabetic neuropathy Does diabetic neuropathy affect both types of diabetes? YES How often should diabetics have their eye appointments? Yearly and regularly Catch any S/S early and get it treated Smoking cessation and control of blood glucose in v dry important Gradual blockage in retinal capillary arteries, which results in the macula becoming ischemic and necrotic due to lack of rental cells Dry Macular degeneration New growth of blood vessels that have thin walls that leak blood and fluid Wet macular degeneration Dry macular degeneration risk factors: Smoking, hypertension, female sex, short body stature, family history, and a diet lacking carotene and vitamin E