Cell Biology Review Sheet - Chapter 4 - Prof. Marianne Mcnamara | Study notes Biology

Review sheet – Chapter 4

Know that Robert Hooke was the first person to describe cells with a microscope and that Antoni van

Leeuwenhoek was the first person to describe/see bacteria

Be able to describe the cell theory

Understand that the electron microscope provides greater resolution than a traditional light microscope and

allowed for scientists to examine the internal anatomy of cells

Know that some cells can be large (up to 1m) but most are microscopic

Know that cells are limited in size by the internal molecules and structures necessary for survival (minimum size)

and by the surface area/volume relationship (as you get bigger, your SA/V decreases) needed to obtain nutrients

and exchange gases with the environment

Understand that prokaryotic cells are small (1-10µm) while eukaryotic cells are somewhat larger (10-100µm)

Understand that a larger cell has more surface area and more volume than a smaller cell, but that the surface

area/volume ratio of a larger cell is less than that of a smaller cell

Know the difference between eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cells in terms of size, internal structure and DNA

storage

Understand that all cells – prokaryotic or eukaryotic – are bounded by a plasma membrane, have chromosomes

made of DNA, and contain ribosomes

Understand the four basic functional groups of organelles (manufacturing, hydrolysis, energy processing, and

support/movement/communication) and which organelles belong to which

Understand the differences between plant and animal cells (chloroplasts, cell walls, central vacuole = plant)

Know what cytoplasm is

Understand the function and structure of the plasma membrane; understand that proteins form channels

enabling specific ions and other molecules to cross

Understand that the nucleus contains most of the cell’s DNA (where is the rest?) and controls the cell’s activities

by directing protein synthesis

Know what chromatin is and be familiar with its ‘beads-on-a-string’ structure

Understand that the nucleolus is the site where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and that rRNA assembles

proteins to form ribosomes

Know what each organelle’s function is in the cell (ribosomes, smooth and rough ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes,

vacuoles, mitochondria, the cytoskeleton, and the extracellular matrix)

Know the difference (structure and function) between rough and smooth ER

Understand that organelles are membrane-bound and the significance of this

Be familiar with the 3 different types of vacuoles

Understand the process of cellular respiration (by definition; we go more into this in Chapter 6)

Understand that mitochrondria and chloroplasts provide evidence for endosymbiosis (how?)

Know the 3 types of filaments: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate, and how they differ by size

Know the difference between cilia and flagella and that they are made up of microtubules in a “9+2”

arrangement

Know what a gap junction is

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Review sheet – Chapter 4  Know that Robert Hooke was the first person to describe cells with a microscope and that Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to describe/see bacteria  Be able to describe the cell theory  Understand that the electron microscope provides greater resolution than a traditional light microscope and allowed for scientists to examine the internal anatomy of cells  Know that some cells can be large (up to 1m) but most are microscopic  Know that cells are limited in size by the internal molecules and structures necessary for survival (minimum size) and by the surface area/volume relationship (as you get bigger, your SA/V decreases) needed to obtain nutrients and exchange gases with the environment  Understand that prokaryotic cells are small (1-10μm) while eukaryotic cells are somewhat larger (10-100μm)  Understand that a larger cell has more surface area and more volume than a smaller cell, but that the surface area/volume ratio of a larger cell is less than that of a smaller cell  Know the difference between eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cells in terms of size, internal structure and DNA storage  Understand that all cells – prokaryotic or eukaryotic – are bounded by a plasma membrane, have chromosomes made of DNA, and contain ribosomes  Understand the four basic functional groups of organelles (manufacturing, hydrolysis, energy processing, and support/movement/communication) and which organelles belong to which  Understand the differences between plant and animal cells (chloroplasts, cell walls, central vacuole = plant)  Know what cytoplasm is  Understand the function and structure of the plasma membrane; understand that proteins form channels enabling specific ions and other molecules to cross  Understand that the nucleus contains most of the cell’s DNA (where is the rest?) and controls the cell’s activities by directing protein synthesis  Know what chromatin is and be familiar with its ‘beads-on-a-string’ structure  Understand that the nucleolus is the site where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and that rRNA assembles proteins to form ribosomes  Know what each organelle’s function is in the cell (ribosomes, smooth and rough ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, the cytoskeleton, and the extracellular matrix)  Know the difference (structure and function) between rough and smooth ER  Understand that organelles are membrane-bound and the significance of this  Be familiar with the 3 different types of vacuoles  Understand the process of cellular respiration (by definition; we go more into this in Chapter 6)  Understand that mitochrondria and chloroplasts provide evidence for endosymbiosis (how?)  Know the 3 types of filaments: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate, and how they differ by size  Know the difference between cilia and flagella and that they are made up of microtubules in a “9+2” arrangement  Know what a gap junction is

Cell Biology Review Sheet - Chapter 4 - Prof. Marianne Mcnamara, Study notes of Biology

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