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TABLE OF INFORMATION FOR 2002 CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
1 unified atomic mass unit, 1 u^ 1 66^10 =^27 =
. - kg 931 MeV/ c^2 Proton mass, m (^) p = 1 67. × 10 −^27 kg Neutron mass, mn = 1 67. × 10 − 27 kg Electron mass, me = 9 11. × 10 −^31 kg Magnitude of the electron charge, e = 1 60. × 10 − 19 C Avogadro’s number, N 0 = 6 02. × 1023 mol−^1 Universal gas constant, R a 8 31. J / ( mol ¼K) Boltzmann’s constant, k (^) B = 1 38. × 10 − 23 J / K Speed of light, c = 3 00. × 10 8 m s/ Planck’s constant, h
hc
= × = ×
= × = ×
− − −
6 63 10 4 14 10
1 99 10 1 24 10
34 15 25 3
. .
. .
J s eV s
J m eV nm
Vacuum permittivity, 0 = 8 85. × 10 −^12 C 2 /N ⋅m^2
Coulomb’s law constant, k = 1 4/ π 0 = 9 0. × 109 N ⋅m^2 /C^2
Vacuum permeability, μ 0 = 4 π × 10 −^7 ( T ⋅m) / A
Magnetic constant, k = μ 0 / 4 π = 10 −^7 (T ⋅m ) /A
Universal gravitational constant, G = 6 67. 10 -^11 m 3 /kg s¼^2 Acceleration due to gravity at the Earth’s surface, g = 9 8. m / s^2 1 atmosphere pressure, 1 1 0 10 1 0 10
5 2 5
atm N / m Pa
= × = ×
. . 1 electron volt, 1 eV = 1 60. × 10 −^19 J
UNITS Name Symbol meter m kilogram kg second s ampere A kelvin K mole mol hertz Hz newton N pascal Pa
joule J watt W coulomb C volt V ohm Ω henry H farad F tesla T degree Celsius o C electron- volt eV
PREFIXES Factor Prefix Symbol
10 9 giga G 10 6 mega M 10 3 kilo k 10 −^2 centi c 10 −^3 milli m 10 −^6 micro μ 10 −^9 nano n 10 −^12 pico p
VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES θ sin θ cos θ tan θ
0 o 0 1 0
30 o 1/2 3 2/ 3 3/
37 o 3/5 4/5 3/
45 o 2 2/ 2 2/ 1
53 o 4/5 3/5 4/
60 o 3 2/ 1/2 3
90 o 1 0 ∞
The following conventions are used in this examination. I. Unless otherwise stated, the frame of reference of any problem is assumed to be inertial. II. The direction of any electric current is the direction of flow of positive charge (conventional current). III. For any isolated electric charge, the electric potential is defined as zero at an infinite distance from the charge. *IV. For mechanics and thermodynamics equations, W represents the work done on a system.
*Not on the Table of Information for Physics C, since Thermodynamics is not a Physics C topic.
ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS B EQUATIONS FOR 2002
NEWTONIAN MECHANICS ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
u u
u
u u
m u t q p p
a C
a C C
a C E
a a
a
a
a
a a
a
a
a a
a
a a
a E
a
a
a
a
a E
a E
0
0 0
2
2 0
2 0
2
2
2
1 2 2
1 2
at
x x t at
a x x
m
F N
a (^) r
r
m
t
K m
U mgh
W F r
P W
t
P F
k
U kx
T m k T g T f F
Gm m r
U
Gm m r
net
c
s
s
p
fric
g
avg
s
G
G
H S
F F a
p v
J F p
F
F x
F sin q
u
u q
D D
D
D D
D
r
F v
cos
cos
a = acceleration F = force f = frequency h = height J = impulse K = kinetic energy k = spring constant = length m = mass N = normal force P = power p = momentum r = radius or distance r = position vector T = period t = time U = potential energy u = velocity or speed W = work done on a system x = position m = coefficient of friction q = angle t = torque
F
q q r
q
U qV
q q r
E
V
d
V
q r
C
Q
V
C
A
d
U QV CV
I
Q
t
R A V IR P IV
C C
C C
R R
R R
F q B
F BI
B
I
r BA
t B
E
avg
i i i
avg
i
i
B
B
c
p (^) i i
s i i
s i
p (^) i
m m
∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ •
0
1 2
0
1 2
0
0
2
0
p^2
p p u m p f f u
e
e
E
F
B A
h h
h h
sin
sin
cos
avg
A = area B = magnetic field C = capacitance d = distance E = electric field e = emf F = force I = current = length P = power Q = charge q = point charge R = resistance r = distance t = time U = potential (stored) energy V = electric potential or potential difference u = velocity or speed r = resistivity fm = magnetic flux
ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS FOR 2002
MECHANICS ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
u u
u
u u
m
u
u (^) w
u w
w
w w a
q q w a
a C
a C C
a C E a a
a
a s a a a s
a
a
a a
a a
a a a a s a a (^) a a a
a
a C
a C C
a E
0
0 0
0 0
0
0 0
2
2 2
2
(^2 )
2 2
2
2
at
x x t at
a x x m d dt dt m F N
W d
K m
P dW dt P U mgh
a r
r
I
I r dm mr m m r I
K I
t
t t
k
U
net
g
c
net
cm
s
fric
H S F F a
F
p
J F p
p v
F
r F
r r
L r p
F x
D
D
r
F v
t t t a
w
s
s
p
kx
T f
T m k
T g Gm m r
U
Gm m r
G
G
a
a a
a
a
a E
a E
2
1 2 2
1 2
p w
p
p
F r^6
a = acceleration F = force f = frequency h = height I = rotational inertia J = impulse K = kinetic energy k = spring constant = length L = angular momentum m = mass N = normal force P = power p = momentum r = radius or distance r = position vector T = period t = time U = potential energy u = velocity or speed W = work done on a system x = position m = coefficient of friction q = angle t = torque w = angular speed a = angular acceleration
F
q q r
q
d
Q
E
dV dr
V
q r
U qV
q q r
C
Q
V
C
A
d C C
C C
I
dQ dt
U QV CV
R
A
V IR
R R
R R
P IV
q d I
I d B nI
d d dt
L
dI
i i i
E
i
i
M
p (^) i i
s i i
c
s i
p i
s
m m
= ×
= s ×
= s
= −
∑
∑
∑
∑
∑
0
1 2
0
0
0
1 2
0
2
0
0
p^2
p p k r m m f f e e
E
F
E A
F v B B
F B
B A
ø
ø
dt
U (^) L = LI
2
A = area B = magnetic field C = capacitance d = distance E = electric field e = emf F = force I = current L = inductance = length n = number of loops of wire per unit length P = power Q = charge q = point charge R = resistance r = distance t = time U = potential or stored energy V = electric potential u = velocity or speed r = resistivity fm = magnetic flux k = dielectric constant
ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS FOR 2002
GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY
Rectangle
Triangle
Circle
Parallelepiped
Cylinder
Sphere
Right Triangle
A bh
A bh
A r C r
V wh
V r S r r
V r S r
a b c a c b c a b
2
2 2
3 2
2 2 2
p p
p p p
p p
sin
cos
tan
q
q
q
A = area C = circumference V = volume S = surface area b = base h = height = length w = width r = radius
c (^) a
b
q^90
CALCULUS
d f dx
d f du
du dx d dx
x nx
d dx e^ e d dx
x x d dx x^ x d dx
x x
x dx (^) n x n
e dx e dx x
x
x dx x x dx x
n n
x x
n n
x x
a
a
a
@ A a
@ A a
@ A a E
s a C E
s a
a
s a
s a E
s
P U
P U
1
1n
1n
1
sin cos
cos sin
,
cos sin sin cos
