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AP Physics Exam 2002: Constants, Units, Equations & Formulas - Prof. P. Cole, Exams of Physics

A table of important constants, conversion factors, units, equations, and formulas for various topics in physics, including mechanics, electricity and magnetism, thermodynamics, waves and optics, atomic and nuclear physics, and geometry and trigonometry. It is intended for use in preparing for the advanced placement physics exam. Values for fundamental constants, prefixes, and trigonometric functions, as well as equations for various physical phenomena.

Typology: Exams

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 09/02/2009

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TABLE OF INFORMATION FOR 2002
CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
1 unified atomic mass unit, 1 u 1 66 10 27
=
=
-
.kg
931 MeV/ 2
c
Proton mass, mp
167 10 27
.kg
Neutron mass, mn
167 10 27
.kg
Electron mass, me
911 10 31
.kg
Magnitude of the electron charge, e
160 10 19
.C
Avogadro’s number, N023 1
602 10
.mol
Universal gas constant,
R
=
¼
831.
/
()JmolK
Boltzmann’s constant, kB
138 10 23
.J/K
Speed of light, c300 108
./ms
Planck’s constant, h
hc
663 10
414 10
199 10
124 10
34
15
25
3
.
.
.
.
Js
eV s
Jm
eV nm
Vacuum permittivity,
012 2 2
885 10
./CNm
Coulomb’s law constant, k==×14 90 10
0922
/. /
π
Nm C
Vacuum permeability,
µπ
07
410
()/Tm A
Magnetic constant, k
=TmA
0
µπ
/()/410
7
=
Universal gravitational constant, G
=
¼
-
667 10 11 3 2
./mkgs
Acceleration due to gravity
at the Earth’s surface, g=98 2
.m/s
1 atmosphere pressure, 11010
10 10
52
5
atm N /m
Pa
.
.
1 electron volt, 116010
19
eV J
.
UNITS
Name Symbol
meter m
kilogram kg
second s
ampere A
kelvin K
mole mol
hertz Hz
newton N
pascal Pa
joule J
watt W
coulomb C
volt V
ohm
henry H
farad F
tesla T
degree
Celsius
o
C
electron-
volt eV
PREFIXES
Factor Prefix Symbol
109giga G
106mega M
103kilo k
10 2centi c
10 3milli m
10 6micro µ
10 9nano n
10 12pico p
VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
FOR COMMON ANGLES
θsin θcos θtan θ
0
o
010
30
o
1/2 32/33/
37
o
3/5 4/5 3/4
45
o
22/22/1
53
o
4/5 3/5 4/3
60
o
32/1/2 3
90
o
10
The following conventions are used in this examination.
I. Unless otherwise stated, the frame of reference of any problem is assumed to be inertial.
II. The direction of any electric current is the direction of flow of positive charge (conventional current).
III. For any isolated electric charge, the electric potential is defined as zero at an infinite distance from the charge.
*IV. For mechanics and thermodynamics equations, W represents the work done on a system.
*Not on the Table of Information for Physics C, since Thermodynamics is not a Physics C topic.
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TABLE OF INFORMATION FOR 2002 CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS

1 unified atomic mass unit, 1 u^ 1 66^10 =^27 =

. ™ - kg 931 MeV/ c^2 Proton mass, m (^) p = 1 67. × 10 −^27 kg Neutron mass, mn = 1 67. × 10 − 27 kg Electron mass, me = 9 11. × 10 −^31 kg Magnitude of the electron charge, e = 1 60. × 10 − 19 C Avogadro’s number, N 0 = 6 02. × 1023 mol−^1 Universal gas constant, R a 8 31. J / ( mol ¼K) Boltzmann’s constant, k (^) B = 1 38. × 10 − 23 J / K Speed of light, c = 3 00. × 10 8 m s/ Planck’s constant, h

hc

= × = ×

= × = ×

− − −

6 63 10 4 14 10

1 99 10 1 24 10

34 15 25 3

. .

. .

J s eV s

J m eV nm

Vacuum permittivity,  0 = 8 85. × 10 −^12 C 2 /N ⋅m^2

Coulomb’s law constant, k = 1 4/ π  0 = 9 0. × 109 N ⋅m^2 /C^2

Vacuum permeability, μ 0 = 4 π × 10 −^7 ( T ⋅m) / A

Magnetic constant, k = μ 0 / 4 π = 10 −^7 (T ⋅m ) /A

Universal gravitational constant, G = 6 67. ™ 10 -^11 m 3 /kg s¼^2 Acceleration due to gravity at the Earth’s surface, g = 9 8. m / s^2 1 atmosphere pressure, 1 1 0 10 1 0 10

5 2 5

atm N / m Pa

= × = ×

. . 1 electron volt, 1 eV = 1 60. × 10 −^19 J

UNITS Name Symbol meter m kilogram kg second s ampere A kelvin K mole mol hertz Hz newton N pascal Pa

joule J watt W coulomb C volt V ohm Ω henry H farad F tesla T degree Celsius o C electron- volt eV

PREFIXES Factor Prefix Symbol

10 9 giga G 10 6 mega M 10 3 kilo k 10 −^2 centi c 10 −^3 milli m 10 −^6 micro μ 10 −^9 nano n 10 −^12 pico p

VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS FOR COMMON ANGLES θ sin θ cos θ tan θ

0 o 0 1 0

30 o 1/2 3 2/ 3 3/

37 o 3/5 4/5 3/

45 o 2 2/ 2 2/ 1

53 o 4/5 3/5 4/

60 o 3 2/ 1/2 3

90 o 1 0 ∞

The following conventions are used in this examination. I. Unless otherwise stated, the frame of reference of any problem is assumed to be inertial. II. The direction of any electric current is the direction of flow of positive charge (conventional current). III. For any isolated electric charge, the electric potential is defined as zero at an infinite distance from the charge. *IV. For mechanics and thermodynamics equations, W represents the work done on a system.

*Not on the Table of Information for Physics C, since Thermodynamics is not a Physics C topic.

ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS B EQUATIONS FOR 2002

NEWTONIAN MECHANICS ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

u u

u

u u

m u t q p p

a C

a C C

a C E

 a a

a

a

a

a a

a

a

a a

a

a a

a E

a

a

a

a

a E

a E

0

0 0

2

2 0

2 0

2

2

2

1 2 2

1 2

at

x x t at

a x x

m

F N

a (^) r

r

m

t

K m

U mgh

W F r

P W

t

P F

k

U kx

T m k T g T f F

Gm m r

U

Gm m r

net

c

s

s

p

fric

g

avg

s

G

G

H S

F F a

p v

J F p

F

F x

F sin q

u

u q

D D

D

D D

D

r

F v

cos

cos

a = acceleration F = force f = frequency h = height J = impulse K = kinetic energy k = spring constant  = length m = mass N = normal force P = power p = momentum r = radius or distance r = position vector T = period t = time U = potential energy u = velocity or speed W = work done on a system x = position m = coefficient of friction q = angle t = torque

F

q q r

q

U qV

q q r

E

V

d

V

q r

C

Q

V

C

A

d

U QV CV

I

Q

t

R A V IR P IV

C C

C C

R R

R R

F q B

F BI

B

I

r BA

t B

E

avg

i i i

avg

i

i

B

B

c

p (^) i i

s i i

s i

p (^) i

m m

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ •

0

1 2

0

1 2

0

0

2

0

p^2

p p u m p f f u

e

e

E

F

B A

h h

h h

sin

sin

cos

avg

A = area B = magnetic field C = capacitance d = distance E = electric field e = emf F = force I = current  = length P = power Q = charge q = point charge R = resistance r = distance t = time U = potential (stored) energy V = electric potential or potential difference u = velocity or speed r = resistivity fm = magnetic flux

ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS FOR 2002

MECHANICS ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

u u

u

u u

m

u

u (^) w

u w

w

w w a

q q w a

a C

a C C

a C E  a a

a

a s a a  a s

a

a

a a

a a

a   a a a s a  a (^)   a a  a

a

a C

a C C

a E

œ

0

0 0

0 0

0

0 0

2

2 2

2

(^2 )

2 2

2

2

at

x x t at

a x x m d dt dt m F N

W d

K m

P dW dt P U mgh

a r

r

I

I r dm mr m m r I

K I

t

t t

k

U

net

g

c

net

cm

s

fric

H S F F a

F

p

J F p

p v

F

r F

r r

L r p

F x

D

D

r

F  v

t t t a

w

s

s

p

kx

T f

T m k

T g Gm m r

U

Gm m r

G

G

a

a a

a

a

a E

a E

2

1 2 2

1 2

p w

p

p 

F r^6

a = acceleration F = force f = frequency h = height I = rotational inertia J = impulse K = kinetic energy k = spring constant  = length L = angular momentum m = mass N = normal force P = power p = momentum r = radius or distance r = position vector T = period t = time U = potential energy u = velocity or speed W = work done on a system x = position m = coefficient of friction q = angle t = torque w = angular speed a = angular acceleration

F

q q r

q

d

Q

E

dV dr

V

q r

U qV

q q r

C

Q

V

C

A

d C C

C C

I

dQ dt

U QV CV

R

A

V IR

R R

R R

P IV

q d I

I d B nI

d d dt

L

dI

i i i

E

i

i

M

p (^) i i

s i i

c

s i

p i

s

m m

= ×

= s ×

= s

= −

0

1 2

0

0

0

1 2

0

2

0

0

p^2

p p k r m m f f e e

E

F

E A

F v B B

F B

B A

ø

ø

dt

U (^) L = LI

2

A = area B = magnetic field C = capacitance d = distance E = electric field e = emf F = force I = current L = inductance  = length n = number of loops of wire per unit length P = power Q = charge q = point charge R = resistance r = distance t = time U = potential or stored energy V = electric potential u = velocity or speed r = resistivity fm = magnetic flux k = dielectric constant

ADVANCED PLACEMENT PHYSICS C EQUATIONS FOR 2002

GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY

Rectangle

Triangle

Circle

Parallelepiped

Cylinder

Sphere

Right Triangle

A bh

A bh

A r C r

V wh

V r S r r

V r S r

a b c a c b c a b

2

2 2

3 2

2 2 2

p p

p p p

p p

sin

cos

tan

q

q

q

A = area C = circumference V = volume S = surface area b = base h = height  = length w = width r = radius

c (^) a

b

q^90

CALCULUS

d f dx

d f du

du dx d dx

x nx

d dx e^ e d dx

x x d dx x^ x d dx

x x

x dx (^) n x n

e dx e dx x

x

x dx x x dx x

n n

x x

n n

x x

a

a

a

@ A a

@ A a

@ A a E

s a C E

s a

a

s a

s a E

s

P U

P U

1

1n

1n

1

sin cos

cos sin

,

cos sin sin cos