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Plan of a Roman House
1st century typical house in Pompeii Fauces (entrance) Atrium- a large space with a rectangular opening through which one looked to the sky. a little pool called the IMPLUVIUM the entrance, a larger room called the TABLINUM was used as a public reception area. The dining room, the TRICLINIUM enclosed colonnaded garden, or PERISTYLE On the other hand, the core of the house, around the atrium, could be closed up as a barrier against cold winds when necessary. House of the upper class are much better documente TERM 2
Ara Pacis
DEFINITION 2 13-9 BC Mother earth, nursing children Air, Water Or Peace (mother) The Ara Pacis Augustae (Latin, "Altar of Augustan Peace) TERM 3
Mosaic in Church of Constantia
DEFINITION 3 Mosaic in the Mausoleum of St. Constanza (360 AD) Used on the ceiling (APSE) -Peacocks: eternal life -birds: Christian Soul: lightest animal -fruits: Christ is the fruit of salvation -grapes: wine : eucharist -pinecones: redemption resurrection, new life -spoons: used during eucharisy -Putti busy: making wine (taken from vineyard) -three guys: holy trinity -portrait of constanza TERM 4
Augustus as a Priest
DEFINITION 4 From via labicana, Rome First century AD Marble Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Rome Prima Porta Pontifex maximus: high priest TERM 5
Arch of Constantine
DEFINITION 5 312-315 AD put up to honor Constantine and power over Maxentius largest to be ever erected Refliefs taken from earlier monuments of Trojan, Hadrian, and Marcus Aurelius Not only decline of sculptural activity, but as a result of imperial propaganda associating Constantine to the good emperors. lack of highly skilled artisans at 4th century rome had not been centre of government
Column of Trajan
Denube Personification (river) to fight the Dacians Low relief Landscape Trajan is always in profile (like the coin), he is always a little bigger too. Crowds background Analythical, factual reporting Fluidity of lines naturalistic 112-113 AD Bronze statue of Trajan at top (then)- St. Peters 16th century now on top served several functions: remember the height of the dug away hill showcase of Ts exploits Tomb of his ashes TERM 7
Column of Marcus
Aurelius
DEFINITION 7 Column of Marcus Aurelius (colonna Antonina) 181 AD; column was built to commemorate the victory after the Denubians the miracle of the rain (Romans were able to defeat their enemies thanks to rain) destruction of a native village Attack on a native fortification TESTUDO turtle TERM 8
Apotheosis of Antonius the Pius and Faustina
DEFINITION 8 Apotheosis of Antoninus and Faustina Base of the Column of Antoninus Pius, Rome 161 AD Musei Vaticani Marble pedestal, red granite shaft, bronze statue Classical symbolism, classical style, Winged genius, emperor and his wife ascend to heaven while Rome and glory wave them farewell Genius: between an angel and an entity that supervises certain activities (genius of death, war, peace) Snake is animal of underworld/everlasting life (Snake eating itself: Ourobows) TERM 9
Trajan Bust
DEFINITION 9 Cold Naked Power Portrait Bust of Trajan. 98-117 AD London, British Museum Heroic nudity Augustan portraiture as a model Coldness, remoteness of a superhuman being Not completely frontal TERM 10
Commodus as Hercules
DEFINITION 10 Lion Apples Club Representation of shield with a gorgons head, two cornucopias and celestial globe 191 AD Rome, Palazzo dei Conservatori
Vespasian
Promoter of Colosseum Determinded, strong, Wrinkles, Few teeth Portrait of Vespasian: 75 AD Unknown Artist (all you need is bread and entertainment) Very Realistic: many wrinkles, big nose, balding, loss his teeth Imperial Portraits: one is the Official Version (needs to be exhibited in basilica, forum- idealistic) and the other is Private Version (people who knew him) TERM 17
Romans battling barbarians sarcophagus:
Ludovisi Collection
DEFINITION 17 Marcus Aurelius-esque but much more clutter AD 250 Rome, Museo di Palazzo Altemps Deeply cut, Most beautiful Victorious General (his glory is everlasting) Extremely detailed Man playing trumpet (his cheeks are full blowing) Detail of dresses and curly hair Lack of space (Horror Vacui) TERM 18
Detail of Arch of Septimius
Severus
DEFINITION 18 Triumph over Arabs197-203 AD (203 AD) Roman Forum Representations of Victories fill the spandrels of the central arch and river gods occupy the spandrels of the side arches; small boys representing the four seasons stand just below. The flying victories, carrying trophies on long sticks, are descendants of those on the Arch of Titus, but the effect body, drapery, and wings is becoming less gently modeled in the old classical style, and rather more harsh and linear. TERM 19
Portrait of Septimius and Julia Donne (imperial
family)
DEFINITION 19 199 AD Septimius, Julia Domna, Caracalla and Geta (Geta destroyed) Painted on Wood In Berlin museum TERM 20
Caracalla
DEFINITION 20 Early to mid-third century AD Marble Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York Shows his personality (determination and power) Caracalla killed Geta. He wanted to be the only emperor
Colossal Statue of
Constantine
Body in wood, extremities in marble Frontal presentation Eyes look to heaven (and finger points to heaven) The Colossus of Constantine was a colossal acrolithic statue of Constantine the Great (c. 280337) that once occupied the west apse of the Basilica of Maxentius in the Forum Romanum in Rome. Portions of the Colossus now reside in the Courtyard of the Palazzo dei Conservatori of the Musei Capitolini, on the Capitoline Hill, above the west end of the Forum. TERM 22
Baptistery of Saint John Lateran
DEFINITION 22 Bricks: Opus Patericium 338 AD Rome, San Giovanni in Laterano, Baptistery 330 Ca. Octagonal plan Brick faceting Double series of columns in the interior Stay isolated from church since those who are not baptized could not enter a church. Opus lasceritum 8: 8th day resurrection: judgement day (7 days of creation) walking baptism TERM 23
Constantia Sarcophagus porphyry
DEFINITION 23 Putti pressing wine, picking up grapes Mid 4th century AD Rome, Vatican 350 ca. Putti (winged babies, pushing grapes (wine)) Peacocks were believed to have flesh that doesnt rot after death TERM 24
Sarcophagus showing stories from the Old
and New Testament
DEFINITION 24 Junius Bassus Sarcophagus 359 AD, Rome, Vatican general theme: redemption of humanity from sin= Adam and eve 2 registers of 5 compartments framed by columns NO representation of deceased Borrows patterns from imperial Iconography St. Peter's Grottoes, 359 AD Jesus giving Peter and Paul the scrolls: TRADITIO LEGIS
