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Bio3200: Human Physiology name:
April, 2013 Exam 4 [50 Qs]
Section 1: Complete each sentence with one of the two words in square brackets.
- Digestion is essentially completed in the [A. small/B. large] intestine.
- Cholecystokinin causes the pancreas to secrete a fluid rich in [A. enzymes/B. bicarbonate].
- The Bowman's capsule and glomerulus make up the [A. renal pyramid/B. renal corpuscle].
- The net effect of aldosterone is to [A. decrease/B. increase] extracellular fluid volume.
- In type A intercalated cells of the nephron, H+ pumps are situated to move H+ ions [A. into the
institual fluid/B. into the lumen of the nephron].
- G cells of the stomach secrete [A. cholecystokinin/B. gastrin].
- The rate-limiting step for stimulating the secretion of aldosterone is conversion of [A. angiotensin I
to angiotensin II/B. angiotensinogen to angiotensin I] in the blood.
- Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of [A. calcitonin/B. parathyroid
hormone].
- Most heat is lost from the body through the process of [A. radiation/B. convection].
- [A. Goiter/B. Acromegaly] is caused by excess secretion of growth hormone during adulthood.
- Thermoregulation is all about keeping the [A. core/B. peripheral] body temperature constant.
- The nutrient that yields the most energy per gram when metabolized is [A. fat/B. glucose].
- A person who hyperventilates will exhibit signs of [A. respiratory acidosis/B. respiratory alkalosis].
- Mature, less active bone cells are called [A. osteocytes/B. osteoblasts].
- Stomach epithelial cells secrete [A. pepsinogen/B. trypsinogen] to begin digestion of proteins.
- [A. Excretion/B. Secretion] is a process where the peritubular capillaries actively transport a solute
into the proximal or distal convoluted tubules.
Section 2: Multiple Choice. Select the single best answer based on physiology.
- Iodine accumulation in thyroid cells involves symport with
A. potassium
B. calcium
C. sodium
D. chloride
E. hydrogen
- Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?
A. spleen
B. pancreas
C. esophagus
D. stomach
E. colon
- Why is sodium actively reabsorbed in the nephron?
A. to decrease blood pressure
B. to make urine less concentrated
C. to increase glucose concentration inside the nephron
D. to decrease osmolarity inside the nephron
E. to increase passive reabsorption of water
- A primary target tissue for insulin is the
A. heart
B. intestine
C. skin
D. brain
E. liver
- Glucose and amino acids reabsorption requires
A. Na+-K+ ATPase activity
B. symport with sodium.
C. simple diffusion
D. A and B
E. A, B and C
- The kidney filtration barrier includes
A. glomerular capillary endothelium
B. basal lamina (often called basement membrane)
C. Bowman's capsule epithelium
D. A and B
E. A, B and C
- Without cortisol's permissive effect on __________, an animal would die.
A. parathyroid hormone
B. thyroid hormone
C. aldosterone
D. glucagon
E. insulin
- During the absorptive state,
A. skeletal muscle breaks down glycogen
B. adipocytes contribute fatty acids to the circulation
C. glucagon levels are elevated
D. the liver forms glycogen
E. all of the above
- Bicarbonate secretion
A. neutralizes acid entering from the stomach into the duodenum.
B. is secreted by apical Cl
/HCO
antiport.
C. is secreted by the acinar cells.
D. A and B
E. A, B and C
- Growth hormone
A. is a major hormone acting during the teen years
B. acts on the liver to stimulate insulin-like growth factor release
C. increases plasma glucose levels
D. stimulates bone growth
E. all of the above
- Place the following blood vessels that carry blood to and within the kidney in the order in which
blood passes through them.
- afferent arteriole
- efferent arteriole
- glomerulus
- peritubular capillary
A. 1, 3, 2, 4
B. 4, 3, 2, 1
C. 1, 2, 3, 4
D. 4, 2, 3, 1
E. 3, 4, 2, 1
- Which of the following statements concerning the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide is FALSE?
A. Atrial natriuretic peptide is produced by cells in the heart.
B. Atrial natriuretic peptide suppresses ADH secretion.
C. Atrial natriuretic peptide increases aldosterone secretion.
D. Atrial natriuretic peptide reduces the sensation of thirst.
E. Atrial natriuretic peptide promotes sodium loss at the kidneys.
- A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in
A. decreased production of pepsinogen by chief cells.
B. a lower pH during gastric digestion.
C. decreased gastrin production.
D. a higher pH during gastric digestion.
E. increased protein digestion in the stomach.
- Juxtaglomerular cells in the nephron secrete
A. angiotensin I.
B. angiotensin converting enzyme.
C. renin
D. aldosterone
E. angiotensinogen
- GLUT4 transporters are
A. stored in cytoplasmic granules (vesicles)
B. inserted in the membrane of a cell in response to glucagon
C. inserted in the membrane of a cell by endocytosis
D. found only in adipose tissue
E. A and D
- A person with secondary hypocortisolism would have
A. decreased cortisol and ACTH
B. elevated cortisol and decreased ACTH
C. elevated cortisol and normal ACTH
D. decreased cortisol and elevated ACTH
E. elevated cortisol and ACTH
- Thyroid hormone consists of two forms, T3 and T4, and
A. T4 is more abundant in the plasma.
B. T3 is the most biologically active.
C. T4 is the most biologically active.
D. A and B
E. A and C
- A given substance, X, has no membrane transporters to move it but X can diffuse freely through
open leak channels if an appropriate concentration gradient exists. The concentration of X in the
initial filtrate is approximately equal to that of the extracellular fluid. Later in the nephron, however,
the transport of Na+ and other solutes creates a gradient for X by removing water from the lumen of
the tubule. What substance is X most likely to be?
A. glucose
B. calcium
C. urea
D. potassium
E. amino acids
- In the loop of Henle
A. fluid flows in opposite directions in ascending and descending limbs.
B. water is actively pumped out of the descending limb
C. the NKCC transporter is predominantly present in the ascending limb
D. A and C
E. A, B and C
- Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A. Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the blood is the first step in the RAAS
pathway.
B. Compared to the cardiovascular system, kidneys respond slowly to changes in blood
volume.
C. When the pH rises above 7.45 a state of alkalosis exists.
D. In the kidney, the vasa recta help maintain the osmotic gradient.
E. Vasopressin is a hormone required to make hyper-osmotic urine.
- If the clearance of X is less than GFR, but not zero, then ....
A. less X is being filtered than protein
B. X is being secreted by the nephron
C. X is being reabsorbed by the nephron
D. more X is being secreted then reabsorbed
E. none of the above
- The layer of loose connective tissue beneath the digestive epithelium is the
A. muscularis mucosae.
B. myenteric plexus.
C. submucosa
D. serosa
E. lamina propria.
- The following is a diagram of a nephron used in class. Based on this diagram which statement
below is CORRECT?
A. The cell labeled P for principle cell, is the site of action for vasopressin.
B. The filtrate at A has a large amount of protein but not cells.
C. According to the osmolarity indicated at the outflow, this nephron must be exposed to
some vasopressin.
D. The dotted line B depicts the extent of a membrane that is impermeable to water.
E. The active transport pumps labeled C (an arrow with a ball) are pumping only sodium
ions.
Answer Key for Test “Ex4 draft 1”, 4/13/
No. in
Q-Bank
No. on
Test Correct Answer
21 56 1 A
21 160 2 A
19 120 3 B
20 62 4 B
20 69 5 B
21 43 6 B
20 61 7 B
23 104 8 A
22 132 9 A
23 84 10 B
22 143 11 A
22 109 12 A
20 64 13 B
23 87 14 A
21 87 15 A
19 130 16 B
23 10 17 C
21 3 18 B
20 111 19 E
22 24 20 E
19 22 21 D
19 17 22 E
23 6 23 D
22 17 24 D
21 4 25 E
22 104 26 E
21 161 27 D
22 91 28 E
21 153 29 C
20 132 30 E
21 151 31 D
23 46 32 E
19 37 33 A
20 121 34 C
21 162 35 D
20 14 36 C
22 25 37 A
23 96 38 A
23 47 39 D
19 150 40 C
19 149 41 D
20 140 42 A
23 67 43 E
21 165 44 A
20 136 45 D
22 23 46 B
19 89 47 D
19 148 48 C
21 7 49 E
19 82 50 C
