Download Exam 3 | UI 416 - Planetary Explor and more Quizzes School management&administration in PDF only on Docsity!
Goals of Space Shuttle Insights
- NASA sought for manned and unmanned missions after the Apollo's ended 2. Less-expensive way to explore by using reusable launch vehicles 3. Desired Space Transportation System (STS) for long-term presence for building and maintaining space station 4. Continue with technological advancements beyond Earths orbit TERM 2
Columbia
DEFINITION 2 Early 1970s- intention to launch first shuttle, but delays and costs postponed. April 1981- 2 astronauts flew into orbit for first time. TERM 3
"Do it and get it right" Approach
DEFINITION 3 A mandated budget of $5 billion given to NASA which is less than half needed to build reusable shuttle. No time for careful testing and causing big risks to be taken. TERM 4
TAOS
DEFINITION 4 Thruster Assisted Orbiter System- partially reusable and consisted of 2 recoverable solid rocket boosters and expendable external fuel tank TERM 5
2 Dangers with Cheaper Space Flights
DEFINITION 5
- Solid rocket boosters to assist the 3 orbiter liquid fuel engines- uncontrollable with ignited (Challenger explosion Jan, 1986). 2. Thermal Protection System- fiber glass-like tiles that insulate up to 3000 degrees F; Somtimes fall off or damaged during flight (Columbia explosion Feb. 2003).
Roots of Space Station
Writings from Tsiolkovsky and early designs by Wernher von Braun in 1940s and 50s- still relevant today. TERM 7
Skylab/ Replacement Made
DEFINITION 7 During the 1970s; First US version of the space station that utilized leftover Apollo hardware; orbit was too low and in 1979 it burnt up in atomosphere. Replaced by International Space Station (ISS) TERM 8
Soyuz-Salyut
DEFINITION 8 Russian space station that orbited in the 70s; Morphed into the MIR and began opertation in 1980s but abonded to join ISS in 2001. TERM 9
Freedom Station
DEFINITION 9 (1985-1992) US, Europe, Canada, Japan, and Brazil joined to build the station, but economic and political difficulties kept it from happening- became ISS of today TERM 10
ISS
DEFINITION 10 Began being built in late 1998; Will house up to 6 astronauts -conduct observations/assessments of Earth - processing and developing new products (drugs, equipment) - Preparations for journeys to Moon and Mars
Importance of Space Exploration
Provide new challenges- new goods and processes Offers intellectual stimulus- knowledge instead of science Promotes optimism and hope for future TERM 17
Closed Frontier
DEFINITION 17 "Rats in Cage" Scenario - population expansion beyond capacity - internal struggle "survival of fittest" - neurotic behavior and eventual decline TERM 18
Consequences of Growing Population
DEFINITION 18
- Malthusian population growth; 6 billion doubling once every 30 years. - Increase threats of war and terrorism -Ecological disaster= global warming, pollution TERM 19
Kraft Ehricke's Proposal
DEFINITION 19 Control population and industrial growth on Earth and allow to grow in space TERM 20
Polyglobal Civilization
DEFINITION 20 Ehricke - believed "extraterrestrial imperative" which is a long-term future based on overcoming Earth's finite limits - current population crisis, migration from biosphere to androsphere; from non-modularized, integrated system to independent, modularized system. - 3 evolutionary stages to overcome crisis. utilizing Moon first then Mars
The 3 Evolutionary Stages
- Space Industrialization (Seleneconomics) - Space Urbanization (Selenopolis) - Extraterrestrialization (Permanent Re-Settlement) TERM 22
CEV
DEFINITION 22 Ready in 2020 to replace retired space shuttle; be able to make trips to the moon and earth's orbit; made of reusable parts. TERM 23
Mars Direct Plan
DEFINITION 23 Formed by R. Zubin; Ready in 2030; Starting with pre-cursor operations (fueled earth return vehicle) follwed by humans living off the land
