Download Exam 3 | PSY 3350 - Lifespan Human Development and more Quizzes Developmental Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
Psychometric Approach
The research tradition that spawned standardized tests of intelligence and that views intelligence as a trait or a set of traits than can be measured and that varies from person to person. TERM 2
Dynamic Assessment
DEFINITION 2 A perspective on development applied to motor development which proposes that more sophisticated patterns of motor behavior emerge over time through a "self-organizing" process in which children modify their motor behavior in adaptive ways on the basis of the sensory feedback they receive when they try different movements. TERM 3
Convergent
Thinking
DEFINITION 3 Thinking that involves "converging" on the one best answer to a problem; what IQ tests measure. Contrast with divergent thinking. TERM 4
Flynn Effect
DEFINITION 4 The rise in average IQ scores over the 20th century. TERM 5
Home Observation for Measurement of the
Environment
DEFINITION 5 A widely used instrument that allows an observer to determine how intellectually stimulating or impoverished a home environment is.
Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
An information-processing theory of intelligence that emphasizes three aspects of intelligent behavior; a practical component emphasizing the effect of context on what is intelligent; a creative component centering on whether a task is novel or familiar; and an analytic component focuses on the cognitive processes used to solve a problem. TERM 7
Automatization
DEFINITION 7 The process by which information processing becomes effortless and highly efficient as a result of continued practice or increased expertise. TERM 8
Cumulative-Deficit Hypothesis
DEFINITION 8 The notion that impoverished environments inhibit intellectual growth and that these inhibiting effects accumulate over time. TERM 9
Culture Bias
DEFINITION 9 The situation that arises in testing when one cultural or subcultural group is more familiar with test items than another group and therefore has an unfair advantage. TERM 10
Savant Syndrome
DEFINITION 10 The phenomenon in which extraordinary talent in a particular area is displayed by a person who is otherwise mentally retarded.
Underextension
The young child's tendency to use general words to refer to a smaller set of objects, actions, or events than adults do (for example, using candy to refer only to mints). Contrast with overextension. TERM 17
Transformational Grammar
DEFINITION 17 Rules of syntax that allow a person to transform declarative statements into questions, negatives, imperatives, and other kinds of sentences. TERM 18
Alphabetic
Principle
DEFINITION 18 The idea that the letters in printed words represent the sounds in spoken words. TERM 19
Word Segmentation
DEFINITION 19 In language development, the ability to break the stream of speech sounds into distinct words. TERM 20
Holophrase
DEFINITION 20 A single-word utterance used by an infant that represents an entire sentence's worth of meaning.
Telegraphic Speech
Early sentences that consist primarily of content words and omit the less meaningful parts of speech such as articles, prepositions, pronouns, and auxiliary verbs. TERM 22
Decontextualized Language
DEFINITION 22 To separate the demands of a task at hand from prior beliefs and knowledge. TERM 23
Phonological Awareness
DEFINITION 23 The understanding that spoken words can be decomposed into some number of basic sound units, or phonemes; an important skill in learning to read. TERM 24
Babbling
DEFINITION 24 An early form of vocalization that appears between 4 and 6 months of age and involves repeating consonant-vowel combinations such as "baba" or "dadada." TERM 25
Overextension
DEFINITION 25 The young child's tendency to use a word to refer to a wider set of objects, actions, or events than adults do (for example, using the word car to refer to all motor vehicles).
