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Exam 3 on How the Earth Works - Spring 2003 | EPS 101, Exams of Environmental Science

Material Type: Exam; Class: How the Earth Works-An Introduction to Geology; Subject: Earth & Planetary Sciences; University: University of New Mexico; Term: Unknown 2003;

Typology: Exams

Pre 2010

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Exam 3 -- Page 1 of 7
18 April, 2003 Exam #3 – Take Home Name_________ ___________________
EPS 101 How the Earth Works,
Spring 2003; Adrian Brearley Soc.Sec. #________________________
Multiple Choice Questions (3 points each). Choose one answer for each question.
1. Which of the following lists is written in order of increasing temperature?
A) sedimentation, metamorphism, lithification
B) sedimentation, lithification, metamorphism
C) lithification, sedimentation, metamorphism
D) metamorphism, lithification, sedimentation
2. Which of the following types of currents can transport sand grains?
A) rivers
B) wind
C) ocean waves
D) all of these
3. Which of the following features of sand grains can be used to indicate how far they have been transported
before deposition?
A) size
B) color
C) degree of roundness
D) the make of sunglasses they are wearing
4. Most shells of marine organisms are composed of __________.
A) silica
B) calcium carbonate
C) calcium phosphate
D) calcium sulfate
5. In what kind of sedimentary rock would you expect to find the mineral halite?
A) chert
B) evaporite
C) limestone
D) conglomerate
6. In which of the following sedimentary environments would you be most likely to form limestone?
A) lake
B) lagoon
C) desert
D) river delta
7. Which of the following types of sedimentary rocks is not a chemical sediment?
A) limestone
B) evaporite
C) sandstone
D) chert
8. Which of the following statements best describes cross bedding?
A) a sedimentary structure produced by a river crossing a lake
B) a sedimentary structure produced when a current progressively looses speed and deposits
sediments of different sizes
C) layers of sediment that are deposited at an angle to the horizontal, such as in sand bars in rivers or
in sand dunes
D) none of the above
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Exam 3 -- Page 1 of 7

18 April, 2003 Exam #3 – Take Home Name_________ ___________________

EPS 101 How the Earth Works ,

Spring 2003; Adrian Brearley Soc.Sec. #________________________

Multiple Choice Questions (3 points each). Choose one answer for each question.

  1. Which of the following lists is written in order of increasing temperature? A) sedimentation, metamorphism, lithification B) sedimentation, lithification, metamorphism C) lithification, sedimentation, metamorphism D) metamorphism, lithification, sedimentation
  2. Which of the following types of currents can transport sand grains? A) rivers B) wind C) ocean waves D) all of these
  3. Which of the following features of sand grains can be used to indicate how far they have been transported before deposition? A) size B) color C) degree of roundness D) the make of sunglasses they are wearing
  4. Most shells of marine organisms are composed of __________. A) silica B) calcium carbonate C) calcium phosphate D) calcium sulfate
  5. In what kind of sedimentary rock would you expect to find the mineral halite? A) chert B) evaporite C) limestone D) conglomerate
  6. In which of the following sedimentary environments would you be most likely to form limestone? A) lake B) lagoon C) desert D) river delta
  7. Which of the following types of sedimentary rocks is not a chemical sediment? A) limestone B) evaporite C) sandstone D) chert
  8. Which of the following statements best describes cross bedding? A) a sedimentary structure produced by a river crossing a lake B) a sedimentary structure produced when a current progressively looses speed and deposits sediments of different sizes C) layers of sediment that are deposited at an angle to the horizontal, such as in sand bars in rivers or in sand dunes D) none of the above

Exam 3 – page 2 of 7

  1. In which of the following sedimentary environments would you most likely find symmetrical ripples? A) alluvial (river) B) beach C) deep-sea D) desert
  2. Which of the following described the correct sequence of events that leads to the formation of a sedimentary rock? A) compaction, deposition, transportation, cementation B) deposition, transportation, cementation, compaction C) transportation, cementation, deposition, compaction D) transportation, deposition, compaction, cementation
  3. Which of the following sedimentary rocks would you expect to undergo the most compaction during burial below other layers of sediments? A) conglomerate B) quartz sandstone C) shale D) all these rocks compact to the same extent during burial
  4. Which of the following combination of factors is important in the development of a metamorphic rock? A) temperature, and confining or directed pressure. B) the weight of overlying rock, solar heat, and nuclear fusion C) horizontal pressures developed as rocks become deformed, covalent bonding, and heat released during rock crystallization. D) the internal heat of the Earth, nuclear bonding, and heat released during chemical weathering.

13 What type of metamorphism is caused by high temperatures and high pressures imposed over a large volume of crust? A) burial B) contact C) regional D) cataclastic

  1. Which of the following types of pressure will result in the alignment of metamorphic minerals? A) contact pressure B) directed pressure C) confining pressure D) chemical pressure
  2. Which one of the following minerals is responsible for the strong foliation in a schist? A) quartz B) mica C) calcite D) pyroxene
  3. Which of the following statements about the metamorphism of a shale is false? A) With increasing metamorphism, the density of the rock increases. B) With increasing metamorphism, the grain size of the rock gets smaller. C) With increasing metamorphism, a foliation develops. D) With increasing metamorphism, the amount of water in the rock decreases.
  4. In what plate tectonic environment would you expect to find blueschists developed? A) midocean ridge B) subduction zone C) continent-continent convergent plate boundary D) all of the above

Exam 3 - Page 4 of 7

Matching (10 points – 1 point for each correct answer; choose only one letter for each). Match the appropriate term for each question.

Choices

a. garnet b. foraminifera c. nonconformity d. sill e. gypsum f. granite g. phyllite h. calcite i. cleavage j. batholith k. hornfels l. isotope m. cementation n. conglomerate o. marble p. mudstone q. disconformity r. nucleus s. lithification t. porosity

__________ a sedimentary rock made from fine-grained sediments such as muds

_________ the most abundant mineral in limestone

_________ a mineral that occurs commonly in evaporitic sedimentary rocks

_________ the term used to describe atoms of an element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

_________ an unconformity between igneous or metamorphic rocks and overlying sediments

_________ a metamorphic rock formed by the metamorphism of a sandstone

_________ a term used to describe the amount of void space (usually filled with water) in a sediment

_________ a preferred orientation of platy minerals that occurs in slates

____ _____ the process by which sediments are turned into sedimentary rocks

_________ a mineral produced by relatively high grade metamorphism of a shale

Continued on next page.

Exam 3 - Page 5 of 7

Short Answer Questions (6 points each) Answer all of the following 8 questions.

  1. Briefly describe two important processes that are involved in the transformation of an unconsolidated sediment into a sedimentary rock during burial.
  2. Explain what is meant by the term particle size sorting as applied to sedimentary rocks. Why is this concept important in understanding how different sedimentary rocks form?

Exam 3 - Page 5 of 7

  1. Sedimentary structures are common in sedimentary rocks. Name two types of sedimentary structure and briefly describe what they are and how they form?
  2. A common feature of metamorphic rocks is the presence of a foliation. What is a foliation and briefly explain how it forms?
  3. Describe two important changes that occur during the metamorphism of a shale (sedimentary rock) from low up to high metamorphic grade and name the different metamorphic rock types that are formed sequentially during the metamorphism.
  4. Explain the difference between regional and contact metamorphism.
  5. What is meant by the terms absolute and relative dating in terms of the geologic timescale for the Earth?