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Water & Electrolyte Balance in Biology: Osmolarity, Tonicity, Nephrons & Urinary System, Quizzes of Biology

Definitions and explanations of key terms related to water and electrolyte balance in living organisms. Topics include osmolarity, tonicity, osmoconformers, osmoregulators, reabsorption, types of nitrogenous waste, ammonia, urea, uric acid, kidney, urinary system, fresh water fish, saltwater fish, structure of a nephron, secretion, excretion, proximal tubule, insulin, glucagon, type i diabetes, loop of henle, vasa recta, distal tubule, collecting duct, adh, diabetes insipidus, aldosterone, and glomerulus.

Typology: Quizzes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 11/13/2011

rubyraj3
rubyraj3 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
osmolarity
DEFINITION 1
the numer of osmotically active moles of solute per liter of
solution
TERM 2
tonicity
DEFINITION 2
measure of the ability of the solution to change the volume of
a cell by osmosis
TERM 3
osmoconformer
DEFINITION 3
osmolarity of body fluids is isotonic to seawater environment.
are in osmotic equilibrium with environment. most marine
invertebrates
TERM 4
osmoregulators
DEFINITION 4
most marine vertebrates actively maintain a relatively
constant blod osmolarity different than that of the
sourrounding environment
TERM 5
re
absorption
DEFINITION 5
the transport out of the tubule into environment
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osmolarity

the numer of osmotically active moles of solute per liter of solution TERM 2

tonicity

DEFINITION 2 measure of the ability of the solution to change the volume of a cell by osmosis TERM 3

osmoconformer

DEFINITION 3 osmolarity of body fluids is isotonic to seawater environment. are in osmotic equilibrium with environment. most marine invertebrates TERM 4

osmoregulators

DEFINITION 4 most marine vertebrates actively maintain a relatively constant blod osmolarity different than that of the sourrounding environment TERM 5

re

absorption

DEFINITION 5 the transport out of the tubule into environment

Types of nitrogenous waste

ammonia(most water, least energy) urea uric acid(least water, most energy) TERM 7

ammonia

DEFINITION 7 formed in the liver, toxic to most cellsbony fish and amphibian tadpoles eliminate most of ammonia via diffusion through gills. TERM 8

Urea

DEFINITION 8 sharks, adult amphibians, and mammals convert ammonia to urea.eliminated through urine and produced in teh urinary system TERM 9

uric acid

DEFINITION 9 water- insoluable acid. TERM 10

kidney

DEFINITION 10 composed of repeating units called nephrons

Excretion

wastes excess water are eliminated as urine TERM 17

proximal tubule

DEFINITION 17 2/3rds of water are reabsorbed there. glucose, amino acids, and other molecules are reabsorbed by active and secondary active transport requires energy: Glucose and other vitamins enter through co- transport with Na. Na gradient is maintained by Na/k pump which directly uses ATP. filtrate enters as 180 L, and leaves tubule as 60 L and filtrate is still isotonic TERM 18

insulin

DEFINITION 18 promotes import of glucose molecules from blood into cells,, to decrease blood glucose TERM 19

glucoagon

DEFINITION 19 promotes breakdown of glycogen in the liver, to increase blood glucose levels. TERM 20

Type I diabetes

DEFINITION 20 caused by defect in insulin- producing cells in the pancreas. little or no insulin is produced.

The loop of Henle

Create gradient of increasing osmolarity from cortex into medulla. TERM 22

Descending limb of loop of henle

DEFINITION 22 highly permeable to water, impermeable to solutes TERM 23

ascending loop of henle

DEFINITION 23 impermeable to water, but highly permeable to na and cl which passivly transport until 600 osm and thicker wall where it is actively transported. TERM 24

vasa recta

DEFINITION 24 NaCl pumped out of limb is reabsorbed from body fluids into the blood which flows in a countercurrent formation in order to pick up all of the water and solutes. TERM 25

Distal tubule

DEFINITION 25 filtrate that enters is hypotonic, only concentration of 100 mOsm.K is secreted into teh tube to maintain homoestasis after k is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.

Bowmen's capsule

envelops the glomerulus , the capsule has a slit so that the glomerular filtrate can enter the system of nephron tubules.