Download Water & Electrolyte Balance in Biology: Osmolarity, Tonicity, Nephrons & Urinary System and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
osmolarity
the numer of osmotically active moles of solute per liter of solution TERM 2
tonicity
DEFINITION 2 measure of the ability of the solution to change the volume of a cell by osmosis TERM 3
osmoconformer
DEFINITION 3 osmolarity of body fluids is isotonic to seawater environment. are in osmotic equilibrium with environment. most marine invertebrates TERM 4
osmoregulators
DEFINITION 4 most marine vertebrates actively maintain a relatively constant blod osmolarity different than that of the sourrounding environment TERM 5
re
absorption
DEFINITION 5 the transport out of the tubule into environment
Types of nitrogenous waste
ammonia(most water, least energy) urea uric acid(least water, most energy) TERM 7
ammonia
DEFINITION 7 formed in the liver, toxic to most cellsbony fish and amphibian tadpoles eliminate most of ammonia via diffusion through gills. TERM 8
Urea
DEFINITION 8 sharks, adult amphibians, and mammals convert ammonia to urea.eliminated through urine and produced in teh urinary system TERM 9
uric acid
DEFINITION 9 water- insoluable acid. TERM 10
kidney
DEFINITION 10 composed of repeating units called nephrons
Excretion
wastes excess water are eliminated as urine TERM 17
proximal tubule
DEFINITION 17 2/3rds of water are reabsorbed there. glucose, amino acids, and other molecules are reabsorbed by active and secondary active transport requires energy: Glucose and other vitamins enter through co- transport with Na. Na gradient is maintained by Na/k pump which directly uses ATP. filtrate enters as 180 L, and leaves tubule as 60 L and filtrate is still isotonic TERM 18
insulin
DEFINITION 18 promotes import of glucose molecules from blood into cells,, to decrease blood glucose TERM 19
glucoagon
DEFINITION 19 promotes breakdown of glycogen in the liver, to increase blood glucose levels. TERM 20
Type I diabetes
DEFINITION 20 caused by defect in insulin- producing cells in the pancreas. little or no insulin is produced.
The loop of Henle
Create gradient of increasing osmolarity from cortex into medulla. TERM 22
Descending limb of loop of henle
DEFINITION 22 highly permeable to water, impermeable to solutes TERM 23
ascending loop of henle
DEFINITION 23 impermeable to water, but highly permeable to na and cl which passivly transport until 600 osm and thicker wall where it is actively transported. TERM 24
vasa recta
DEFINITION 24 NaCl pumped out of limb is reabsorbed from body fluids into the blood which flows in a countercurrent formation in order to pick up all of the water and solutes. TERM 25
Distal tubule
DEFINITION 25 filtrate that enters is hypotonic, only concentration of 100 mOsm.K is secreted into teh tube to maintain homoestasis after k is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule.
Bowmen's capsule
envelops the glomerulus , the capsule has a slit so that the glomerular filtrate can enter the system of nephron tubules.
