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Terms and Definitions: Early American History, Industrialization, and Diplomacy, Quizzes of United States History

Definitions and historical context for key terms related to early american history, including political leaders, treaties, and significant events such as the indian removal act, the alamo, and the monroe doctrine. It also covers industrial innovations like the lowell system and the cotton gin.

Typology: Quizzes

2011/2012

Uploaded on 04/12/2012

kaiela-b-nichols
kaiela-b-nichols 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
John Ross
DEFINITION 1
bargained along with John Ridge to keep Cherokee land, was
chief of Cherokees and maried a cherokee woman
TERM 2
Major Ridge
DEFINITION 2
Ridge signed the controversial Treaty of New Ec hota of 1835,
supported by the minority Treaty Par ty. It required the remaining
Cherokee inhabiting tribal lands in the southeastern United Sta tes
to cede the lands to the US and reloc ate to the Indian Territory.
Opponents protested to the US gove rnment and negotiated a new
treaty the following year. After India n Removal to what is now
Oklahoma, in 1839 Major Ridge was assassinated by tribal
members under Cherokee Blood Law for alienating the land, as a
majority had opposed removal.
TERM 3
the Lowell
System
DEFINITION 3
was a labor and production model em ployed in the United States,
particularly in New England, during the early years of the
American textile industry in the early 19th Century.Made possible
by inventions such as the spinning jenny, spinning mule, and water
frame in England around t he time of the American Revolution, the
textile industry was among the earlie st mechanized industries, and
models of production and labor source s were first explored here
TERM 4
Sam
Houston
DEFINITION 4
Samuel "Sam" Houston (March 2, 1793-July 26, 1863), was a
nineteenth-century American , politician, and soldier.
TERM 5
General Santa Anna
DEFINITION 5
"the Napoleon of the West," was a Mexican political leader,
general, and president who greatly influenced early Mexican
and Spanish politics and government. Santa Anna fought first
against Mexican independence from Spain, then in support of
it.
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John Ross

bargained along with John Ridge to keep Cherokee land, was

chief of Cherokees and maried a cherokee woman

TERM 2

Major Ridge

DEFINITION 2 Ridge signed the controversial Treaty of New Echota of 1835, supported by the minority Treaty Party. It required the remaining Cherokee inhabiting tribal lands in the southeastern United States to cede the lands to the US and relocate to the Indian Territory. Opponents protested to the US government and negotiated a new treaty the following year. After Indian Removal to what is now Oklahoma, in 1839 Major Ridge was assassinated by tribal members under Cherokee Blood Law for alienating the land, as a majority had opposed removal. TERM 3

the Lowell

System

DEFINITION 3 was a labor and production model employed in the United States, particularly in New England, during the early years of the American textile industry in the early 19th Century.Made possible by inventions such as the spinning jenny, spinning mule, and water frame in England around the time of the American Revolution, the textile industry was among the earliest mechanized industries, and models of production and labor sources were first explored here TERM 4

Sam

Houston

DEFINITION 4

Samuel "Sam" Houston (March 2, 1793-July 26, 1863), was a

nineteenth-century American , politician, and soldier.

TERM 5

General Santa Anna

DEFINITION 5

"the Napoleon of the West," was a Mexican political leader,

general, and president who greatly influenced early Mexican

and Spanish politics and government. Santa Anna fought first

against Mexican independence from Spain, then in support of

it.

Indian Removal Act

an act proposed and supported by andrew jackson that would

moved many cherokee indiands out of georgia expanding

georgia land and moving natives far west into new territory

TERM 7

Gibbons vs ogden

DEFINITION 7 Aaron Ogden filed a complaint in the Court of Chancery of New York asking the court to restrain Thomas Gibbons from operating on these waters. Ogden's lawyer contended that states often passed laws on issues regarding interstate matters and that states should have fully concurrent power with Congress on matters concerning interstate commerce.Gibbons' lawyer, Daniel Webster, argued that Congress had exclusive national power over interstate commerce according to Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution and that to argue otherwise would result in confusing and contradictory local regulatory policies.The Court of Chancery of New York and the Court of Errors of New York found in favor of Ogden and issued an injunction to restrict Gibbons from operating his boats. Gibbons appealed the case to the Supreme Court of the United States , which reversed the decision. TERM 8

The missouri compromise

DEFINITION 8 was an agreement passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories. It prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 3630 north except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri. Prior to the agreement, theHouse of Representatives had refused to accept this compromise, and a conference committee was appointed. TERM 9

orders of council

DEFINITION 9

The Orders in Council were a series of decrees made by the

United Kingdom in the cource of the wars with Napoleonic

France which instituted its policy of commercial warfare.

TERM 10

the alien and sedition acts

DEFINITION 10

The Alien and Sedition Acts were four bills passed in 1798 by

the Federalists in the 5th United States Congress in the

aftermath of the French Revolution and during an undeclared

naval war with Britain and France, later known as the Quasi-

War.

trail of tears

The Trail of Tears is a name given to the forced relocation and movement of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830. The removal included many members of the Cherokee, Muscogee, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations, among others in the United States, from their homelands to Indian Territory (eastern sections of the present-day state of Oklahoma). TERM 17

nullification crisis

DEFINITION 17 The Nullification Crisis was a sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by South Carolina's 1832 Ordinance of Nullification. This ordinance declared by the power of the State that the federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and therefore null and void within the sovereign boundaries of South Carolina. The controversial and highly protective Tariff of 1828 (known to its detractors as the "Tariff of Abominations") was enacted into law during the presidency of John Quincy Adams. The tariff was opposed in the South and parts of New England. Its opponents expected that the election of Jackson as President would result in the tariff being significantly reduced.[1] TERM 18

the monroe doctrine

DEFINITION 18

The Monroe Doctrine is a policy of the United States

introduced on December 2, 1823. It stated that further

efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with

states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of

aggression requiring U.S. intervention.

TERM 19

the battle of new orleans

DEFINITION 19

was the final major battle of the War of 1812 .[3][4] American

forces, commanded by Major General Andrew Jackson,

defeated an invading British Army intent on seizing New

Orleans and the vast territory the United States had acquired

with the Louisiana Purchase

TERM 20

non-intercourse act

DEFINITION 20

The Nonintercourse Act is the collective name given to six

statutes passed by the United States Congress in 1790,

1793, 1796, 1799, 1802, and 1834. The Act regulates

commerce between Native Americans and non-Indians.

marbury vs madison

a landmark case in United States law which formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution. The landmark decision helped define the boundary between the constitutionally separate executive and judicial branches of the American form of government. TERM 22

XYZ Affair

DEFINITION 22 The XYZ Affair was a 1798 diplomatic episode during the administration of John Adams that Americans interpreted as an insult from France. 1798 diplomatic episode during the administration of John Adams that Americans interpreted as an insult from France. It led to an undeclared naval war called the Quasi-War, which raged at sea from 1798 to 1800. TheFederalist Party took advantage of the national anger to build an army and pass the Alien and Sedition Acts to damage the rival Democratic- Republican Party.[1]