Download Anatomy and Physiology Exam 2: Genetic Variation and Natural Selection and more Exams Anatomy in PDF only on Docsity!
Exam 2 with Partial Solution for Anatomy and Physiology | BIO 1004 Which is a true statement concerning genetic variation? a. It is created by the direct action of natural selection. b. It arises in response to changes in the environment. c. It must be present in a population before natural selection can act upon the population. d. It tends to be reduced by the processes involved when diploid organisms produce gametes. e. A population that has a high average heterozygosity has less genetic variation than one with a low average heterozygosity. - Which of the following statements regarding natural selection is not true? A) Acts on the acquired characteristics of individuals. B) Can increase the match between the organism and a particular environment. C) Acts on available variation. D)Individuals with certain heritable traits survive and reproduce at a higher rate than others. E) Can be stabilizing, diversifying or directed. - The mode of speciation whereby a small population becomes isolated at the edge of the range of a larger population is known as: A) Allopatric speciation B) Sympatric speciation C) Parapatric speciation D)Peripatric speciation E) Co-speciation -
- Which of the following processes typically reduce the genetic variation seen in a population? A) Sexual reproduction
B) Mutation C) Bottlenecks D) Gene flow E) None of the above - Which of the following are responsible for high levels of O2 in Earth's atmosphere? A) Photoautotrophs B) Photoheterotrophs C) Chemoautotrophs D)Chemoheterotrophs that perform decomposition E) Parasitic chemoheterotrophs - Modes of obtaining nutrients, used by at least some bacteria, include all of the following except: A) chemoautotrophy. B) photoautotrophy. C) heteroautotrophy. D) chemoheterotrophy. E) photoheterotrophy. - Which of the following use light energy to generate ATP, but do not release oxygen? A) photoautotrophs B) photoheterotrophs C) chemoautotrophs D) chemoheterotrophs that perform decomposition E) parasitic chemoheterotrophs -
D) red algae → cyanobacteria → land plants E) cyanobacteria → red algae → green algae → land plants - The chloroplasts of all of the following are derived from ancestral red algae, except those of A) golden algae. B) diatoms. C) dinoflagellates. D) green algae. A biologist discovers an alga that is marine, multicellular, and lives at a depth reached only by blue light. This alga probably belongs to which group? A) red algae B) brown algae C) green algae D) dinoflagellates Green algae often differ from land plants in that some green algae A) are heterotrophs. B) are unicellular. C) have plastids. D) have alternation of generations. E) have cell walls containing cellulose. - Which taxon of eukaryotic organisms is thought to be directly ancestral to the plant kingdom? A) golden algae B) radiolarians
C) foraminiferans D) apicomplexans E) green algae - The best evidence for not classifying the slime molds as fungi comes from slime moldsʹ A) DNA sequences. B) nutritional modes. C) choice of habitats. D) physical appearance. Which pair of alternatives is highlighted by the life cycle of the cellular slime molds, such as Dictyostelium? A) prokaryotic or eukaryotic B) plant or animal C) unicellular or multicellular D) diploid or haploid E) autotroph or heterotroph - The following are common to both charophytes and land plants except A) sporopollenin. B) lignin. C) chlorophyll a. D) cellulose. E) chlorophyll b. -
Some green algae exhibit alternation of generations. All land plants exhibit alternation of generations. No charophytes exhibit alternation of generations. Keeping in mind the recent evidence from molecular systematics, the correct interpretation of these observations is that A) charophytes are not related to either green algae or land plants. B) plants evolved alternation of generations independently of green algae. C) alternation of generations cannot be beneficial to charophytes. D) land plants evolved directly from the green algae that perform alternation of generations. E) scientists have no evidence to indicate whether or not land plants evolved from any kind of alga. - Which of the following was not a challenge for survival of the first land plants? A) sources of water B) sperm transfer C) desiccation D) animal predation E) absorbing enough light - The following are all adaptations to life on land except A) rosette cellulose-synthesizing complexes. B) cuticles. C) tracheids. D) reduced gametophyte generation. E) seeds. - Mitotic activity by the apical meristem of a root makes which of the following more possible? A) increase of the above-ground stem. B) decreased absorption of mineral nutrients.
C) increased absorption of CO2. D) increased number of chloroplasts in roots. E) effective lateral growth of the stem. - The following characteristics all helped seedless plants become better adapted to land except A) a dominant gametophyte. B) vascular tissue. C) a waxy cuticle. D) stomata on leaves. E) a branched sporophyte. - A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. After observing its anatomy and life cycle, the following characteristics are noted: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to A) mosses. B) charophytes. C) ferns. D) gymnosperms. E) flowering plants. - Protists are alike in that all are A) Unicellular. B) Eukaryotic. C) Symbionts. D)Monophyletic.
C) Blades D) Holdfasts E) Gel-forming polysaccharides - The most recent common ancestor of all land plants was probably similar to modernday members of which group? A) Green algae B) Red algae C) Charophytes D)Brown algae E) Angiosperms - Darwin's mechanism of natural selection required long time spans in order to modify species. From whom did Darwin get the concept of Earth's ancient age? - Charles Lyell Charles Darwin was the first person to propose: A. that evolution occurs. B. a mechanism for how evolution occurs. C. that the Earth is older than a few thousand years. D. a mechanism for evolution that was supported by evidence. - Which of these naturalists synthesized a concept of natural selection independently of Darwin? A. Charles Lyell B. Gregor Mendel C. Alfred Wallace D. John Henslow -
In their laboratory simulations of the early Earth, Miller and Urey observed the abiotic synthesis of: A. amino acids. B. complex organic polymers. C. DNA. D. liposomes. - Which of the following must exist in a population before natural selection can act upon that population? A. Genetic variation among individuals B. Variation among individuals caused by environmental factors C. Sexual reproduction D. B and C only - Natural selection is based on all of the following except: A. genetic variation exists within populations. B. the best-adapted individuals tend to leave the most offspring. C. individuals who survive longer tend to leave more offspring than those who die young. D. populations tend to produce more individuals than the environment can support. E. individuals adapt to their environments and, thereby, evolve. - Each species on earth has a unique, formal scientific name which is denoted by: A. The species name only B. The genus name only C. The class name only D. The genus and species names together -
