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Bio3200: Human Physiology Exam 2 - Multiple Choice Questions and Exercises - Prof. Mark F., Exams of Human Biology

Wayne State University (WSU)Human Biology
Prof. Mark F. Vanberkum

Material Type: Exam; Professor: Vanberkum; Class: Human Physiology; Subject: Biological Sciences; University: Wayne State University; Term: Winter 2016;

Typology: Exams

2015/2016

Uploaded on 04/05/2016

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Bio3200: Human Physiology
Feb. 24, 2015 EXAM 2 [45 Questions]
Section 1: Complete sentence with one of the two words in square brackets [A. /B. ].
1.
The structure in smooth muscle that is analogous to the z-disk is called [A. a dense body/B. alpha-
actinin].
2.
Relaxation of skeletal muscle occurs as input by the somatic motor neuron [A. increases/B.
decreases].
3.
Adrenal medulla cells function as [A. preganglionic/B.postganglionic] cells within one of the
branches of the autonomic nervous system.
4.
Almost every contraction begins and ends as an [A. isotonic/B. isometric] contraction.
5.
A flexor is a skeletal muscle whose shortening moves attached bones [A. towards/B. away from] one
another.
6.
Steady pressure and texture is detected by [A.Pacinian corpuscles/B. Merkel receptors] in superfiscal
layers of skin.
7.
Corticospinal motor pathways control most [A. fine/B. gross] muscle activity of the fingers.
8.
The reflex that prevents a muscle from exerting too much tension is mediated by the [A. muscle
spindle/B. golgi tendon organ].
9.
A two-point discrimination test is used to measure [A. receptive field size/B. strength of stimulus].
10.
The [A. parasympathetic/B. sympathetic] branch is characterized by a chain of ganglion running
along side of the spinal cord.
11.
Most reflex movements are integrated by [A. the somatosensory cortex/B. the spinal cord].
12.
The bulk of our visceral smooth muscle is made up of [A. muti-unit/B. single-unit] smooth muscle.
13.
Both temperature and pressure receptors are located in the skin. They send their information to the
brain via [A. different/B. the same] neurons.
14.
[A. Fast-twitch/B. Slow-twitch] fibers fatigue more quickly.
15.
The [A. parasympathetic /B. sympathetic] branch dominates during rest and digestion.
Section 2: Multiple Choice. Pick the single best answer based on physiology.
16.
Which statement is CORRECT?
A.
Sensory receptors often respond to more than one kind of physical stimulus.
B.
An adequate stimulus is minimum amount of a stimulus required to activate the receptor.
C.
An adequate stimulus is the form of energy a particular receptor will respond to.
D.
The threshold of a sensory receptor is defined by the frequency of action potentials
elicted by a stimulus.
E.
Sensory transduction corresponds to the degree of protein phosphorylation that occurs
in response to the stimulus.
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Download Bio3200: Human Physiology Exam 2 - Multiple Choice Questions and Exercises - Prof. Mark F. and more Exams Human Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

Feb. 24, 2015 EXAM 2 [45 Questions] Section 1: Complete sentence with one of the two words in square brackets [A. /B. ].

  1. The structure in smooth muscle that is analogous to the z-disk is called [A. a dense body/B. alpha- actinin].
  2. Relaxation of skeletal muscle occurs as input by the somatic motor neuron [A. increases/B. decreases].
  3. Adrenal medulla cells function as [A. preganglionic/B.postganglionic] cells within one of the branches of the autonomic nervous system.
  4. Almost every contraction begins and ends as an [A. isotonic/B. isometric] contraction.
  5. A flexor is a skeletal muscle whose shortening moves attached bones [A. towards/B. away from] one another.
  6. Steady pressure and texture is detected by [A.Pacinian corpuscles/B. Merkel receptors] in superfiscal layers of skin.
  7. Corticospinal motor pathways control most [A. fine/B. gross] muscle activity of the fingers.
  8. The reflex that prevents a muscle from exerting too much tension is mediated by the [A. muscle spindle/B. golgi tendon organ].
  9. A two-point discrimination test is used to measure [A. receptive field size/B. strength of stimulus].
  10. The [A. parasympathetic/B. sympathetic] branch is characterized by a chain of ganglion running along side of the spinal cord.
  11. Most reflex movements are integrated by [A. the somatosensory cortex/B. the spinal cord].
  12. The bulk of our visceral smooth muscle is made up of [A. muti-unit/B. single-unit] smooth muscle.
  13. Both temperature and pressure receptors are located in the skin. They send their information to the brain via [A. different/B. the same] neurons.
  14. [A. Fast-twitch/B. Slow-twitch] fibers fatigue more quickly.
  15. The [A. parasympathetic /B. sympathetic] branch dominates during rest and digestion. Section 2: Multiple Choice. Pick the single best answer based on physiology.
  16. Which statement is CORRECT? A. Sensory receptors often respond to more than one kind of physical stimulus. B. An adequate stimulus is minimum amount of a stimulus required to activate the receptor. C. An adequate stimulus is the form of energy a particular receptor will respond to. D. The threshold of a sensory receptor is defined by the frequency of action potentials elicted by a stimulus. E. Sensory transduction corresponds to the degree of protein phosphorylation that occurs in response to the stimulus.

Feb. 24, 2015 EXAM 2 [45 Questions]

  1. Based on the following cartoon of the NMJ, which statement below is FALSE? [MN = motor neuron; T-t = t-tubule; SR = sarcoplasmic reticulum] A. Muscle action potentials are initiated by voltage dependent channels residing at 3. B. Muscle action potentials are detected by a voltage dependent molecule at 5. C. Molecules at 4 and 5 are mechanically coupled. D. An ATPase (i.e. pump) activity at '6' helps stop muscle contraction. E. Neurotransmitter released from MN are detected by ligand gated channels at 2
  2. The following are diagrams of the cross-section of a skeletal muscle sarcomere at rest. Based on this, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. only thick filaments are shown in section A B. section B shows only thin filaments C. section C is right in the middle of a sarcomere D. section D is at the z-disk E. section D indicates a place along the H-zone.
  3. Each of these statements is true, except one. Identify the exception. A. The whole skeletal muscle contracts in an all-or-none manner. B. All muscle fibers in a single motor unit are of the same fiber type. C. Muscles must pull on a bone, not push it. D. A power muscle, such as in the calf of the leg, may have 1000 muscle fibers in a single motor unit. E. With endurance training, the metabolic characteristics of muscle fibers can be changed and enhanced.
  4. Which of the following is NOT a determinant of whole-muscle tension? A. The number of muscle fibers contracting. B. The tension produced by each contracting fiber. C. The extent of motor unit recruitment. D. The frequency of motor neuron stimulation. E. The proportion of the muscle fibers in each motor unit that are contracting.

Feb. 24, 2015 EXAM 2 [45 Questions]

  1. Relative to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle A. uses less energy to generate a given amount of force. B. can sustain contractile force without fatigue. C. uses calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and extracellular space. D. A and C E. A, B and C
  2. The tension generated in a skeletal muscle fiber is directly proportional to the number of A. thick and thin filaments present. B. high energy crossbridges formed. C. nebulin and titin molecules present. D. myosin light chains that are phosphorylated E. troponin and tropomyosin molecules present
  3. Smooth muscle contraction is mediated by the phosphorylation of ____________, which occurs as a result of a chain of biochemical events including the binding of calcium ions to ____________. A. ADP, calmodulin. B. calmodulin, myosin. C. myosin heavy chain, calmodulin. D. myosin light chain, troponin C. E. myosin light chain, calmodulin.
  4. A contraction that generates force and moves a load is known as __________, whereas one that generates force without movement is known as __________. A. isotonic, eccentric B. isotonic, isometric C. isometric, eccentric D. isotropic, isometric E. isometric, isotonic
  5. The force generated by a single muscle fiber can be increased by A. increasing frequency of action potentials. B. increasing muscle length beyond optimal. C. increasing the asynchrony of recruitment. D. A and B E. A and C
  6. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? A. If the extrafusal fibers contract more than expected, muscle spindle activity will be less than its observed tonic activity. B. If the extrafusal fibers contract more than expected, muscle spindle activity will be more than its observed tonic activity. C. If the extrafusal fibers contract less than expected, muscle spindle activity will be more than its observed tonic activity. D. A and C E. B and C

Feb. 24, 2015 EXAM 2 [45 Questions]

  1. The following is a schematic of the ANS similar to your textbook. The black box at the far right is a target organ, while the dotted box at left represents the CNS. Based on this schematic, which of the following statements is FALSE? A. The neurotransmitter at C is acetylcholine. B. The cell body at D is in the sympathetic chain. C. The neurotransmitter at A is Acetylcholine. D. An adrenergic receptor binds to the transmitter released at B. E. The neurotransmitter at E is norepinephrine.
  2. When comparing complete tetanus with unfused tetanus, which is true? A. Less tension is developed with complete tetanus due to fatigue. B. In complete tetanus, the muscle fiber is no longer stimulated. C. More tension is developed with unfused tetanus as muscle stimulation is ongoing. D. In complete tetanus, no relaxation occurs between stimuli. E. all of the above
  3. Calcium, released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, binds to ________ to move ________, which allows actin to form of a ________ with myosin. A. tropomyosin, crossbridge, troponin B. crossbridge, troponin, tropomyosin C. troponin, tropomyosin, crossbridge D. tropomyosin, troponin, covalent bonds E. covalent bonds, tropomyosin, crossbridge
  4. Autonomic varicosities A. are the hallmark of only the sympathetic nervous system. B. occur at the distal ends of both pre- and post-ganglionic neurons. C. allow wide-spread release of neurotransmitter at the target organ. D. uses Na+ ions, instead of Ca2+ ions, to initiate exocytosis. E. none of the above

Feb. 24, 2015 EXAM 2 [45 Questions]

  1. Epinephrine and norepinephrine that are released from the adrenal gland affect target tissue for a longer period of time than the same substances released from neurons at their peripheral receptors. Why? A. The hormones released from the adrenal glands bind to different receptors than those released from neurons. B. The epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal glands are released by sympathetic neurons, whereas parasympathetic neurons release these substances at the effector organs. C. The effectors are less sensitive to epinephrine and norepinephrine released by the adrenal glands. D. The adrenal gland releases larger amounts of the neurotransmitters than the neurons. E. There are no enzymes to break down epinephrine and norepinephrine in the blood and very little in peripheral tissues.
  2. Which one of the following is most likely to represent the output of a phasic ON/OFF sensory receptor in response to the square wave stimulus shown (grey rectangle)? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 5
  3. For a skeletal muscle cell, which one of the following best represents the action potential (solid line), a muscle twitch (dashed line) and the temporal relationship between them? A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E
  4. Excitation-contraction coupling refers to A. acetylcholine being released from a nerve terminal. B. all of the chemical and electrical events that trigger the mechanical events in a muscle fiber. C. the enzymatic removal of acetylcholine from the synapse, which can then allow relaxation to occur. D. the generation of a muscle action potential. E. the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Feb. 24, 2015 EXAM 2 [45 Questions]

  1. The following is a diagram of the knee-jerk reflex with hammer (h) hitting patellar tendon. The 'ms' is pointing to a muscle spindle buried in muscle mA. A second muscle, mB, is on the opposite side of the bone. Based on this diagram which statement below is FALSE? A. Neuron C is innervating an antagonistic muscle group of mA. B. At position E, one additional excitatory interneuron should be shown. C. A is indicating a afferent neuron originating at the muscle spindle. D. B is the motor neuron that has a monosynaptic connection with A. E. D is indicating the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
  2. Tonic receptors A. slowly decrease the frequency of action potentials generated to a constant stimulus. B. are sensitive to changes in a stimulus, not the extent of that change. C. will always decrease to the point where no action potentials are generated. D. are quick to adapt to a particular stimulus intensity. E. will increase the frequency of action potentials with constant stimulus.