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Monday, March 10, 2025
LECTURES 5
&
EXAM 2
ESSENTIAL CONTENT REVIEW
BIOL 1004
Spring 2025
Instructor:
Paul H. Lord
Exam #1: Monday
3” X 5” CARD
STUDY GUIDE
STUDY GROUP
Examination
-^
Bring –
Pencils
Soft erasers
3” x 5” card •^
with notes
on 1 side
BIOL 1004 SUCCESS
Read
before classafter class
focus
on figures
&
tables
Show up
for class
on timeready
View
displays
Ponder
Blackboard postings
Breaking news
Answer
questions
Ask
questions
Take notes
in classon reading quizzes
12 Hours / week
1
2
3
4
Monday, March 10, 2025
BIOL 1004 SUCCESS Read
before classafter class
Show up
for class
on timeready
View
displays
Ponder
Blackboard postings
Breaking news
Answer
questions
Ask
questions
Take notes
in classon reading quizzes
12 Hours / week
CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS
CONCEPTS Foci for Exam #
-^
Evolution of Land Plants–
identifying new characters found in each phylum
- Alternation of Generations
through evolution of land plants
on each phylum described
discussed
-^
Water Potential
Fluid Movement
through vascular tissue
PLANT CLASSIFICATION
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11
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Monday, March 10, 2025
EVOLUTION WITHIN SPERMATOPHYTES:
ANGIOSPERMS
Angio
: enclosed
Sperm
: seed
2 innovative structures protecting reproduction
from environmental variability
•^
Flower
‒^
derived from modified leaves
•^
Fruit
Appeared during Mesozoic era
Dominant plants in terrestrial habitats
Angiosperm Gametophyte
23
part
(Stamen)
Part
(Pistil)
gametophyte
gametophyte
~ 7 cells!
2 or 3cells!
Life cycle shift from nonvascular to seed plants
MONOCOTS
EUDICOTS
Eu
22
23
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Monday, March 10, 2025
PLANT CELL TYPES
Example
Function
Structure
Cell Type
Leaf cellsFood storage tissuesof potatoes
PhotosynthesisCellular respirationStorage
Cube-shaped,loosely packed,thin-walled,relativelyunspecialized,containchloroplasts
Parenchyma
Strings runningthrough a stalk ofceleryTough roots (beet)
SupportWind resistance
ElongatedIrregularlythickened walls
Collenchyma
Tough fibers in jute(used to makerope)
SupportStrength
Very thick cell wallscontaining lignin
Sclerenchyma
PLANT TISSUE TYPES 1.
Meristematic
•^
Fully
or
partially undifferentiated tissue for growth
Dermal tissue
•^
Covers
&
protects plant
Vascular tissue
•^
Transports H
O, minerals, 2
&
sugars
to different parts of plant
Ground tissue
•^
Serves as site for
P
s
•^
Provides a supporting matrix for vascular tissue
-^
Helps store H
O 2
&
sugars
DERMAL TISSUE:
STOMATA
VASCULAR TISSUE
Eudicot stem
Monocot stem
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Monday, March 10, 2025
PLANTHORMONES
Function
Hormone
Stimulate shoot elongation, seed germination, & fruit &flower maturation
Gibberellins (GAs)
Main hormone responsible for cell elongation inphototropism & gravitropism, controls differentiation ofmeristem
Auxins
Promotes cytokinesis
Cytokinin
Inhibits stem elongation, induces dormancy in lateralbuds
Abscisic acid
Associated with fruit ripening, flower wilting, & leaf fall
Ethylene
Coordinate defense responses to herbivory
Jasmonates
Play a role in plant defense against bacterial & fungalinfections
Oligosaccharins
Promote seed germination, play a role in establishmentof mycorrhizae
Strigolactones
OTHER TERMS TO KNOW AntheridiumArchegoniaFemale: Male: MicrophyllsMegaphyllsCapsule’ThallusHomologousCuticleStomataFlavonoidsSecondary metabolites
CuticleSorus – SoriPollenSynapomorphyEudicotMonocotPalisadeCycadGinkoConeFlowerFruitFertilizationGametophyteSporophyte
More Terms to know
- Sepals• Petals• Cotyledon• Magnoliids• Tricolpate• Venation• Monosulcate• Meiosis• Mitosis• Zygote• Tissues
- Organs• Lysosomes• Centrioles• Shoot• Root• Plasmodesmata• Cellulose• Vacuole• Hypertonic – Isotonic – Hypotonic• Fibers• Schelerids• RAM
Last Terms to Know
- Trichomes• Tracheids• Vessel elements• Apoptosis• Sieve-tube members• Companion cells• Pith• Cortex• Node• Petiole• Tendrils• Thorns
- Mycorrhizae• Tap root• Root hair• Midrib• Vein• Respiration: C
H 6
12
O
6
+ O
2
CO
2
+ H
O 2
O potential: 2 Ψ
system
total
s^
p^
g^
m
34
35
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Monday, March 10, 2025
Questions on Plants
?
Office Hours
Monday: 12:00 pm - 1:15 pm
Thursday: 12:45 pm – 2:00 pm
Other times by appointment
Perna Sci Room 321
Spring 2025
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39
