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Exam 2: NU664C/ NU 664C (NEW 2025/ 2026 Update) Review |100% Correct-Regis
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Whatl isl thel functionl ofl thel hypothalamus? Answer: Regulatesl sexl hormones,l bloodl pressure,l bodyl temperature,l sleep,l andl appetite.l Involvedl inl hunger,l thirst,l waterl balance,l regulationl ofl temperature,l circadianl rhythms,l andl stressl response.
Whatl arel thel effectsl ofl damagel tol thel hypothalamus? Answer: Increasedl appetite,l emotionall instability,l rage;l uncontrollablel laughterl andl crying;l changesl inl temperature,l sleep,l andl sexl functions.
Whatl psychopathologicall symptomsl arel associatedl withl thel hypothalamus? Answer: Aggression,l anorexia,l depression,l alteredl sleep-wakel cycle.
Whatl isl thel reticularl formation? Answer: Partl ofl thel primitivel brainl responsiblel forl involuntaryl movement,l reflexes,l musclel tone,l andl vitall signsl control.
Whatl isl thel functionl ofl thel reticularl formation? Answer: Thel reticularl formationl isl criticall forl mentall focus,l alertness,l andl attention.
Whatl isl thel substantial nigra? Answer: Thel substantial nigral isl thel mainl sitel forl dopaminel production.
Whatl isl thel functionl ofl thel substantial nigra? Answer: Thel substantial nigral isl responsiblel forl movementl andl coordination.
2.l Identifyl Protectivel Factors 3.l Conductl Suicidel inquiry 4.l determinel riskl levell andl intervention
Clozapinel importantl info Answer: Greatestl efficacyl ofl SGAsl butl greatestl risksl asl well
SGAl metabolicl s/e Answer: highestl risk:l clozapinel andl olanzapine moderate:l risperidonel andl quetiapine
SGAsl associatedl withl cardiacl abnormalitiesl (elevatedl QT) Answer: Most:l ziprasidonel (Geodon),l quetiapinel (seroquel),l thioridazine least:l aripiprazole
Risperidone Answer: functionsl asl atypicall atl lowl dosesl andl typicall atl highl doses **raisesl prolactin
Olanzapinel (Zyprexa) Answer:
Quetiapinel (Seroquel) Answer:
Whenl isl anxietyl pathologic? Answer:
Psychologicall sx:l greatlyl narrowedl perceptuall field,l difficultyl problem- solving,l distortedl perceptionl ofl time,l selectivel inattention,l dissociativel sensations
Delusions Answer: fixedl beliefsl thatl arel notl amenablel tol changel inl lightl ofl conflictingl evidence
typesl ofl delusions Answer: persecutory:l beliefl onel isl goingl tol bel harmedl orl harassed referential:l beliefl thatl certainl gestures/commentsl arel directedl atl oneself grandiose:l beliefl thatl onel hasl exceptionall abilities erotomanic:l falsel beliefl thatl anotherl personl isl inl lovel withl one nihilistic:l convinctionl majorl catastrophel willl occur somatic:l preoccupationl regardingl healthl &l bodyl functions bizarre:l e.g.l thoughtl insertion
Schizophrenia:l Phasesl ofl Illness Answer: Premorbid:l earlyl symptomsl priorl tol evidencel ofl illness Prodromal:l startingl tol havel somel issues,l oftenl mild,l intermittent Acute:l changesl inl behavior,l thoughtl process
Stablel residuall phase:l backl tol baseline,l betterl chancel ofl positivel outcomesl whenl caughtl early
premorbidl phase Answer: •Shyl andl withdrawn,l awkward •Poorl peerl relationships •Doingl poorlyl inl school •Antisociall behavior Delayedl motorl milestones moodl issues bedwetting
prodromall phase Answer: shortl periodl ofl vaguel symptomsl andl malaise;l canl servel asl al warningl ofl morel symptomsl tol comel butl mayl notl bel noticed
Answer: olfactoryl nerves,l hippocampus,l amygdala,l hypothalamus,l nucleusl accumbens,l thalamus
functionl ofl limbicl system Answer: emotionl andl memory
Whatl isl thel basall ganglia? Answer: Al groupl ofl structuresl involvedl inl emotion,l executivel function,l motivation,l andl motorl activity.
Whatl isl thel functionl ofl thel basall ganglia? Answer: Tol controll posture,l motivation,l andl thel extrapyramidall motorl tract.
Whatl arel thel effectsl ofl damagel tol thel basall ganglia?
Answer: Slownessl ofl movement,l rigidity,l cogwheell rigidity,l andl dystonia.
Whatl arel somel conditionsl associatedl withl basall ganglial dysfunction? Answer: Parkinson'sl disease,l Huntington'sl chorea,l andl Tourette'sl syndrome.
Whatl psychopathologicall symptomsl canl bel seenl withl basall ganglial dysfunction? Answer: Cognitivel andl emotionall dysfunction,l asl welll asl extrapyramidall symptoms.
Whatl isl thel functionl ofl thel thalamus? Answer: Integrationl orl relayl systeml ofl thel brain,l sensoryl role.l Processesl information.l Involvedl inl wakefulness,l sleep,l andl painl perception.
Whatl arel thel effectsl ofl damagel tol thel thalamus?
Neurotransmittersl andl Anxiety Answer: Increased:l Norepinephrinel andl Glutamate Decreased:l Serotoninl andl GABA
Anxietyl associatedl withl atl leastl 3 l ofl followingl 6 l sx: Answer: Musclel tension Fatigue Concentrationl difficulty Restlessness,l feelingl onl edge Irritability Sleepl Disturbance
Illnessl Anxietyl Disorderl specifiers Answer: Care-seekingl type Care-avoidantl type
illnessl anxietyl disorder Answer:
Conversionl Disorder Answer: Al rarel somatoforml disorderl inl whichl al personl experiencesl veryl specificl genuinel physicall symptomsl forl whichl nol physiologicall basisl canl bel found.
factitiousl disorder Answer: Falsificationl onl physicall orl psychologicall signsl orl symptoms,l orl inductionl ofl injuryl orl disease,l associatedl withl identifiablel deception (Munchausenl Syndrome)l Specifiers:l singlel episodel orl recurrentl episodes
Psychoticl sxl falll intol 3 l categories: Answer: