Download Exam 2: NU664C/ NU 664C (NEW 2025/ 2026 Update) Guide|100% Correct-Regis and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Exam l 2 : l NU664C/ l NU l 664 C l (NEW l 2025/ l
2026 l Update) l Family l Psychiatric l Mental l
Health l I l Guide| l Questions l & l Answers| l
Grade l A| l 100% l Correct l (Verified l
Solutions)- l Regis
QUESTION
Persistentl Depressivel Disorderl (Dysthymia) Answer: Al chronicl forml ofl depressionl lastingl forl atl leastl 2 l yearsl inl adults.withdrawall froml society;l lossl ofl interest;l andinactivityl andl lackl ofl productivity Symptomsl arel generallyl lessl severel butl morel persistentl thanl majorl depressivel disorder. l associatedl withl feelingsl ofl inadequacy,l guilt,l irritability,l andl anger;
QUESTION
Melancholicl Depression:. Answer: Characterizedl byl al severel lossl ofl pleasurel inl mostl activities.(l anhedonia) Oftenl includesl significantl weightl loss,l guiltl overl triviall events,l andl earlyl morningl awakening.
QUESTION
Atypicall Depression: Answer: Moodl reactivityl (moodl improvementl inl responsel tol positivel events)l canl havel variationsl ofl anxiety Increasedl appetitel orl weightl gain,l excessivel sleepiness,l leadenl paralysis,l andl sensitivityl tol rejection.
QUESTION
Psychoticl Depression: Answer: Majorl depressionl accompaniedl byl psychosisl (hallucinationsl orl delusions). Requiresl immediatel intervention,l oftenl withl antipsychoticsl andl antidepressants.
QUESTION
Postpartuml Depression: Answer: Occursl afterl childbirth,l involvingl symptomsl similarl tol majorl depressivel disorder. Riskl factorsl includel al historyl ofl depression,l hormonall changes,l andl psychosociall stressors.
QUESTION
Childhoodl Depression:. Answer: Mayl presentl differentlyl inl children,l includingl irritabilityl andl behaviorall issues. Requiresl carefull assessmentl tol distinguishl froml typicall developmentall behaviors.
QUESTION
childhoodl depressionl symptoms Answer: <l agel 3:l Feedingl problems,l tantrums,l lackl ofl playfulnessl andl emotionall expressiveness Agesl 3 l tol 5:l Accidentl proneness,l phobias,l excessivel self-reproach Agesl 6 l tol 8:l Physicall complaints,l aggressivel behavior,l clingingl behavior Agesl 9 l tol 12:l Morbidl thoughtsl andl excessivel worrying
QUESTION
premenstruall dysphoricl disorderl (PMDD)
QUESTION
Generalizedl Anxietyl Disorderl (GAD): Answer: Excessivel anxietyl andl worryl occurringl morel daysl thanl notl forl atl leastl 6 l months. Associatedl withl threel orl morel ofl thel followingl symptoms:l restlessness,l beingl easilyl fatigued,l difficultyl concentrating,l irritability,l musclel tension,l andl sleepl disturbances.
QUESTION
panicl disorder Answer: Recurrent,l unexpectedl panicl attacks. Atl leastl onel ofl thel attacksl followedl byl 1 l monthl orl morel ofl persistentl concernl orl worryl aboutl additionall panicl attacksl orl theirl consequences,l and/orl al significantl maladaptivel changel inl behaviorl relatedl tol thel attacks.
QUESTION
Sociall Anxietyl Disorderl (Sociall Phobia): Answer: Markedl fearl orl anxietyl aboutl onel orl morel sociall situationsl inl whichl thel individuall isl exposedl tol possiblel scrutinyl byl others. Fearl ofl actingl inl al wayl orl showingl anxietyl symptomsl thatl willl bel negativelyl evaluated.
QUESTION
Separationl Anxietyl Disorderl (Childhoodl Anxietyl Disorder): Answer: Developmentallyl inappropriatel andl excessivel fearl orl anxietyl concerningl separationl froml thosel tol whoml thel individuall isl attached. Persistentl worryl aboutl losingl majorl attachmentl figuresl orl aboutl possiblel harml tol them.
QUESTION
Specificl Phobia:
Answer: Markedl fearl orl anxietyl aboutl al specificl objectl orl situation. Thel phobicl objectl orl situationl almostl alwaysl provokesl immediatel fearl orl anxietyl andl isl activelyl avoided. thel anxietyl usuallyl occursl immediatelyl afterl exposurel tol thel objectl orl situation.l Thel resultl isl eitherl avoidancel orl painfull endurance.l Itl shouldl lastl forl atl leastl 6 l months.
QUESTION
Obsessive-Compulsivel Disorderl (OCD): Answer: Presencel ofl obsessions,l compulsions,l orl both. Obsessionsl arel recurrentl andl persistentl thoughts,l urges,l orl imagesl thatl arel intrusivel andl unwanted. Compulsionsl arel repetitivel behaviorsl orl mentall actsl thatl thel individuall feelsl drivenl tol performl inl responsel tol anl obsession.
QUESTION
Structurall changesl ofl ocd Answer: Studiesl havel foundl reducedl grayl matterl volumel inl thel OFC,l ACC,l andl striatuml inl individualsl withl OCD
QUESTION
underlyingl mechanismsl ofl OCD Answer: Theyl suggestl thatl thel disorderl involvesl dysregulationl inl specificl brainl circuitsl thatl controll thoughts,l emotions,l andl behaviors.
QUESTION
nightmaresl inl ptsd Answer:
consequences.l Afterl suchl exposures,l itl isl importantl notl tol engagel inl thel usuall compulsivel response.
QUESTION
Thel mostl effectivel treatmentl forl thel hoardingl disorder Answer: isl al cognitive-behaviorall modell thatl includesl trainingl inl decisionl makingl andl categorizing;l exposurel andl habituationl tol discarding;l andl cognitivel restructuring
QUESTION
hairl pullingl disorder Answer: Alsol knownl asl trichotillomania;l al distressingl probleml inl whichl individualsl compulsivelyl pulll hairl outl (typicallyl froml thel scalp),l resultingl inl varyingl degreesl ofl disability,l sociall stigma,l andl alteredl appearance.
QUESTION
treatmentl forl trichotillomania Answer: hair-pullingl disorder,l likel OCDl andl BDD,l respondedl morel robustlyl tol clomipraminel thanl tol desipramine.
QUESTION
Habitl reversall trainingl (HRT) Answer: isl al setl ofl cognitive-behaviorall techniquesl thatl havel beenl shownl efficaciousl inl thel treatmentl ofl childhoodl andl adultl hair-pullingl disorder.l andl excoriation
QUESTION
Bodyl Dysmorphicl Disorderl (BDD)
Answer: Personsl havel persistentl preoccupationsl aboutl onel orl morel perceivedl defectsl orl flawsl inl one'sl appearance.l Thel defectsl orl flawsl appearsl lightl orl arel notl observablel tol others.
QUESTION
hordingl disorder Answer: havel persistentl andl profoundl difficultyl discardingl orl partingl withl theirl possessions.l Thel disorderl leadsl tol significantl congestionl andl clutterl andl substantivel distressl orl impairment,l differentiatingl itl froml regularl collecting.
QUESTION
whichl ssril isl mostl welll knownl forl causingl thel septall heartl defectl earlyl inl pregnancyl andl al veryl shortl halfl life. Answer: paroxetinel orl Paxil,
QUESTION
forl yourl patientsl thatl mightl missl theirl doses,l whatl ssril isl al goodl choice Answer: Prozac
QUESTION
whatl isl onel ofl thel mostl commonlyl usedl medicationsl forl OCD. Answer: clomipraminel orl Anafranill andl TCAsl theyl carryl al riskl ofl increasedl QTc.
QUESTION
Nonel ofl thesel arel FDAl approved,l treatmentsl forl ocdl b
nol absolutel contraindicationsl *spacel occupyingl cnsl lesionsl atl increasedl riskl forl edemal andl brainl herniationl postl ect,l increasedl intracerebrall pressure/atl riskl forl brainl bleeds,l recentl MIl (withinl 2 l weeks)
QUESTION
TMSl (transcraniall magneticl stimulation)l contraindications Answer: Contraindicatedl seizures,l hardwarel inl head,l pregnancy,l metall implantsl likel pacemakers,l severel headl trauma,l possilbyl headaches
QUESTION
NACl N-acetyll cysteine Answer: helpsl tol refilll glutathionel levelsl inl thel body.l Itl alsol aidsl inl controllingl al neurotransmitterl calledl glutamatel andl canl lessenl inflammationl andl damagel causedl byl oxidativel stress
QUESTION
PTSDl andl Sleep:(trauma) Answer: Nightmaresl andl insomnial arel commonl symptomsl ofl PTSD,l al mentall healthl conditionl triggeredl byl experiencingl orl witnessingl al traumaticl event.
QUESTION
Nightmares:(trauma) Answer: Nightmares,l oftenl replayingl thel traumaticl eventl orl containingl trauma-relatedl themes,l arel al keyl featurel ofl PTSD.
QUESTION
Sleepl Architecture:(trauma) Answer: Traumal canl alterl sleepl architecture,l affectingl howl thel bodyl movesl throughl sleepl cyclesl andl stages,l particularlyl REMl sleep.
QUESTION
Hyperarousal:(trauma) Answer: Thel body'sl stressl response,l includingl increasedl heartl ratel andl heightenedl alertness,l canl remainl activel evenl afterl al traumaticl experience,l leadingl tol difficultyl relaxingl andl fallingl asleep.
QUESTION
Fearl andl Anxiety:l (trauma) Answer: Thel fearl andl anxietyl associatedl withl traumal canl makel itl difficultl tol relaxl andl windl downl forl sleep,l leadingl tol insomnia
QUESTION
EMDRl (eyel movementl desensitizationl andl reprocessing) Answer: al structuredl therapyl thatl usesl bilaterall stimulationl (likel eyel movements)l tol helpl individualsl processl traumaticl memoriesl andl reducel theirl emotionall intensity
QUESTION
Somaticl therapy Answer: Thisl approachl focusesl onl thel body'sl responsel tol trauma,l helpingl individualsl releasel physicall tensionl andl restorel al sensel ofl groundingl andl emotionall regulation.
Answer: Inhibitl thel reuptakel ofl bothl serotoninl andl norepinephrine.Weaklyl blocksl dopaminel reuptakel pump Sidel effects:l Increasedl bloodl pressure,l sweating,l nausea.
QUESTION
Examplesl ofl SNRI Answer: Venlafaxinel (Effexor) Duloxetinel (Cymbalta)
QUESTION
SNRIl sidel effects Answer: .unwantedl actionsl ofl serotoninl inl sleepl centersl causingl insomnia,l unwantedl actionl norepi-decreasedl appetite,l increasedl bloodl pressure,l urinaryl retention,
QUESTION
SSRI
Answer: Increasel serotoninl levelsl byl inhibitingl itsl reuptakel inl thel brain. Sidel effects:l Sexuall dysfunction,l gastrointestinall issues,l insomnia
QUESTION
Examplesl ofl SSRIs Answer: fluoxetinel (Prozac) sertralinel (Zoloft) paroxetinel (Paxil) fluvoxaminel (Luvox)
QUESTION
SSRIl sidel effects Answer: BADl SSRI Bl - l Bodyl weightl increase; Al - l Anxiety/Agitation; Dl - l Dizziness;l Dryl mouth Sl - l Serotoninl syndrome; Sl - l Stimulatedl CNS; Rl - l Reproductive/Sexuall dysfunction Il - l Insomnia;
QUESTION
Tricyclicl Antidepressantsl (TCAs): Answer: Blockl reuptakel ofl serotoninl andl norepinephrine,l alsol affectingl otherl neurotransmitters. Sidel effects:l Weightl gain,l dryl mouth,l blurredl vision,l andl cardiotoxicity.l Baselinel ECGl isl recommendedl forl patientsl overl age
QUESTION
Examplesl ofl TCAs Answer: amitriptylinel (Elavil) imipraminel (Tofranil) desipramine clomipraminel (Anafranil) nortriptylinel (Pamelor)
QUESTION
TCAl sidel effects Answer: 3Csl - l cardiotoxicity,l coma,l convulsions
cognitive-behaviorall therapyl (CBT) Answer: al popularl integrativel therapyl thatl combinesl cognitivel therapyl (changingl self-defeatingl thinking)l withl behaviorl therapyl (changingl behavior)l - l Identifyl andl challengel automaticl thoughts
QUESTION
interpersonall therapyl (IPT),- Answer: currentl interpersonall problemsl arel likelyl tol havel theirl rootsl inl earlyl dysfunctionall relationships.l discoverl interpersonall vulnerabilitiesl arisingl froml earlyl attachmentl patterns-l Developl awarenessl ofl patternsl inl primaryl relationshipsl andl thel therapeuticl relationshipsl andl otherl modalities.
QUESTION
limbicl systeml function Answer: regulationl ofl emotion;l memory;l appetite;l autonomic,l neuroendrocrine;l olfaction
QUESTION
depressedl patientsl havel anl overactive Answer: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenall (HPA)l axis.
QUESTION
Deficienciesl withl serotonin,l norepinephrinel andl dopamine- Answer: mostl oftenl associatedl withl thel pathophysiologyl ofl depression,l dopaminel mayl alsol playl al role.
QUESTION
geneticl factorsl ofl depression Answer: variancesl inl allelesl inl thel serotoninl transporter(5HTTP/SLC6A4),l orl thel dopaminel receptorl (DRD4)
QUESTION
Hormonall imbalancesl ofl depression Answer:
- Folicl acidl metabolism-l estrogenl doesl notl alwaysl playl welll withl gaba,l monoaminesl orl glutamatel (lowl levelsl ofl monoamines)
QUESTION
Stressl factorsl ofl depression Answer: grief,l lossl dysfunctionall interpersonall relationshipsl andl trauma
QUESTION
Transcraniall Magneticl Stimulationl (TMS): Answer: thel usel ofl strongl magnetsl tol brieflyl interruptl normall brainl activityl asl al wayl tol studyl brainl regionsl Non-invasivel procedurel usingl magneticl fieldsl tol stimulatel nervel cellsl inl thel brain.Treatmentsl thatl targetl bioelectricall pathwaysl mayl bel primarilyl electricall (e.g.,l electroconvulsivel therapyl [ECT],l repetitivel transcraniall magneticl stimulationl [rTMS],
QUESTION
Treatmentsl thatl targetl bioelectricall pathwaysl mayl bel primarilyl electrical Answer:
Answer: traumal triggersl andl moodl instability.
QUESTION
Vagusl Nervel Stimulationl (VNS): Answer: Thel vagusl nervel connectsl tol thel entericl nervousl systeml and,l whenl stimulated,l mayl causel thel releasel ofl peptidesl thatl actl asl neurotransmitters.
QUESTION
Phototherapy- Answer: typicallyl involvesl exposingl thel affectedl patientl tol brightlightl inl thel rangel ofl 1,500l tol 10,000l luxl orl more,l typicallyl withl al lightboxl thatl sitsl onl al tablel orl desk.l Patientsl sitl inl frontl ofl thel boxl forl approximatelyl 1tol 2 l hoursl beforel dawnl eachl day
QUESTION
ECT-
Answer: Mechanism:l Involvesl inducingl controlledl seizuresl vial electricall stimulationl tol thel brain
QUESTION
indicationsl forl ect Answer: Indications:l Severel orl treatment-resistantl depression,l psychoticl depression,l andl acutel suicidall ideation. Procedure:l Typicallyl administeredl 2 - 3 l timesl perl week,l upl tol 6 - 12 l sessions. Sidel Effects:l Short-terml memoryl loss,l confusionl post-treatment,l physicall sidel effectsl likel headachel andl musclel soreness
QUESTION
Specificl Phobia: Answer: Markedl fearl orl anxietyl aboutl al specificl objectl orl situation. Thel phobicl objectl orl situationl almostl alwaysl provokesl immediatel fearl orl anxietyl andl isl activelyl avoided. thel anxietyl usuallyl occursl immediatelyl afterl exposurel tol thel objectl orl situation.l Thel resultl isl eitherl avoidancel orl painfull endurance.l Itl shouldl lastl forl atl leastl 6 l months.
QUESTION
Depersonalization-derealizationl disorder: Answer: Characterizedl byl feelingsl ofl detachmentl froml one'sl ownl bodyl (depersonalization)l orl thel externall worldl (derealization)
QUESTION
.l Dissociativel amnesia: Answer: Lossl ofl memoryl forl significantl personall events,l whichl canl rangel froml specificl incidentsl tol entirel periodsl ofl life.
QUESTION
Dissociativel identityl disorderl (DID): Answer: Thel presencel ofl twol orl morel distinctl identitiesl orl personalityl statesl thatl alternatel andl takel controll ofl thel person'sl behavior
QUESTION
Otherl specifiedl dissociativel disorder: Answer: Includesl experiencesl ofl dissociationl thatl dol notl meetl thel criterial forl otherl dissociativel disorders,l suchl as:
