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Download Exam 2 --- Muscles and Nervous system | BIOL - Human Anatomy & Physiology and more Quizzes Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!
Overall functions
Overall Functions
TERM 2
Types of Muscles
DEFINITION 2
Skeletal (primary discussion), cardiac, smooth
TERM 3
Abilities
DEFINITION 3
Contractability, excitability, extensibility, estasticity
TERM 4
Characteristics
DEFINITION 4
40% of body weight, attached to bones, many nuclei per cell,
striated, longest
TERM 5
Epimysium
DEFINITION 5
connective tissue that surrounds entire skeletal muscle
(outside)
Muscle Fasciculi
bundles of muscle fibers
TERM 7
Perimysium
DEFINITION 7
connective tissue around each fasciculus
TERM 8
muscle fiber
DEFINITION 8
skeletal muscle cells with many nuclei
TERM 9
endomysium
DEFINITION 9
connective tissue that surrounds each fiber
TERM 10
myofibril
DEFINITION 10
thread like proteins that make up a muscle fiber
myosin
thick myofilament, resemble golf clubs
TERM 17
troponin
DEFINITION 17
attachment site on actin for calcium
TERM 18
tropomyosin
DEFINITION 18
filament on grooves of actin, attachment site for myosin
TERM 19
sarcomere
DEFINITION 19
contractile unit, has actin and myosin
TERM 20
z disk
DEFINITION 20
prtein fibers form attachment site for actin
h zone
center of sarcomere, contains only mysone
TERM 22
i band
DEFINITION 22
contains only actin
TERM 23
a band
DEFINITION 23
actin and myosin overlap
TERM 24
m line
DEFINITION 24
only myosin is anchored
TERM 25
resting membrane potential
DEFINITION 25
outside the cell is positive and contains sodium, inside is
negative and contains potassium, sodium channels closed,
some potassium channels are open
neuromuscular junction (synapse)
where nerve and muscle fiber meet
TERM 32
presynaptic terminal
DEFINITION 32
end of nerve cell (axon)
TERM 33
post synaptic membrane
DEFINITION 33
muscle fiber membrane
TERM 34
synaptic cleft
DEFINITION 34
space between terminal and myosin
TERM 35
synaptic vesicle
DEFINITION 35
in presynaptic terminal, store/release neurotransmitters
neurotransmitters
chemicals that stimulate or inhibit muscle fiber (ACH)
TERM 37
motor units
DEFINITION 37
single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers that it
innervates
TERM 38
threshold
DEFINITION 38
weakest stimulus needed to produce response
TERM 39
all or none law
DEFINITION 39
muscles contract or don't
TERM 40
twitch
DEFINITION 40
rapidcontractionand relaxation of a muscle
concentric contraction
muscles shorten
TERM 47
eccentric contraction
DEFINITION 47
muscles lengthen
TERM 48
tone
DEFINITION 48
constant tension over long period of time
TERM 49
slow twitch fibers
DEFINITION 49
contract/fatigue slowly, use aerobic respiration, red or dark
because of myoglobin
TERM 50
myoglobin
DEFINITION 50
helps oxygen bind in muscle
fast twitch fibers
contract/fatigue quickly, use anaerobic respiration, large and
pale, generate more force at once
TERM 52
twitch fibers
DEFINITION 52
have both in different numbers determined by genetics,
capacity can be increased through intense exercise
TERM 53
origin
DEFINITION 53
more stationary end of muscle
TERM 54
insertion
DEFINITION 54
more movable end
TERM 55
belly
DEFINITION 55
middle
orbicularis oris
kissing muscle (mouth)
TERM 62
buccinator
DEFINITION 62
trumpeters muscle
TERM 63
zygomaticus (major + minor)
DEFINITION 63
smiling muscle (cheek)
TERM 64
levator labii superioris
DEFINITION 64
sneering
TERM 65
depressor anguli oris
DEFINITION 65
frowning and pouting
mastication
muscles for chewing
TERM 67
temporalis
DEFINITION 67
for mastication
TERM 68
masseter
DEFINITION 68
for mastication
TERM 69
pterygoid (lateral +
medial)
DEFINITION 69
deep to mandible, formastication
TERM 70
tongue
DEFINITION 70
mass of intrinsic muscles, extrinsic muscles outside attached
to it
erector spinae
trunk muscle, keep back straight and body erect
TERM 77
deep back
muscles
DEFINITION 77
extend and laterally bend vertebral column, trunk muscles
TERM 78
scalenes
DEFINITION 78
elevate ribs for inspiration, thoracic muscles
TERM 79
external intercostals
DEFINITION 79
elevate ribs for inspiration, thoracic muscles
TERM 80
internal intercostals
DEFINITION 80
depress ribs during expiration, thoracic muscles
diaphragm
moves during quiet breathing, thoracic muscles
TERM 82
rectus abdominis
DEFINITION 82
center of abdomen, fibers run vertically, abdominal wall
muscles
TERM 83
external abdominal oblique
DEFINITION 83
sides of abdomen, diagonal fibers, abdominal wall muscles
TERM 84
internal abdominal oblique
DEFINITION 84
sides of abdomen, diagonal fibers, deeper then external,
abdominal wall muscles
TERM 85
transverse abdominis
DEFINITION 85
horizontal fibers, deeper than internal obliques
pectoralis major
chest, upper limb muscles
TERM 92
deltoids
DEFINITION 92
shoulder, upper limb muscles
TERM 93
latissimus dorsi
DEFINITION 93
lower back, upper limb muscles
TERM 94
teres major
DEFINITION 94
upper limb muscles
TERM 95
infraspinatus
DEFINITION 95
rotator cuff
subscapularis
rotator cuff
TERM 97
supraspinatus
DEFINITION 97
rotator cuff
TERM 98
teres minor
DEFINITION 98
rotator cuff
TERM 99
triceps brachii
DEFINITION 99
3 heads, posterior upper arm, arm muscles
TERM 100
biceps brachii
DEFINITION 100
2 heads, anterior upper arm, arm muscles
