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Exam 2 for Anatomy and Physiology |, Exams of Physiology

Southwestern Illinois CollegePhysiology

Material Type: Exam; Class: Anatomy & Physiology; Subject: Biology / Biological Sciences; University: Southwestern Illinois College; Term: Forever 1989;

Typology: Exams

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 12/14/2009

cflanigan
cflanigan 🇺🇸

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Page1of14
1. Listthefivemajorcomponentsoftheintegumentarysystem.
2. Listandelaborateonthesixprimaryfunctionsoftheintegumentarysystem.
3. Thethreelayersoftheskinarethe_________________,_________________andthe
_________________inorderfrommostsuperficialtomostdeep.
4. Theepidermisisavascular;it’snourishedbydiffusionfromcapillariesofthepapillarylayerof
thedermis.
True False
5. Theepidermisiscomposedofcellsarrangedintolayersorstrata.Whichofthefollowing
choicesbestrepresentstheorderoftheepidermalstratafrommostdeeptomostsuperficial?
A) StratumCorneum,StratumGranulosum,StratumBasale,StratumLucidum,Stratum
Spinosum
B) StratumCorneum,StratumBasale,StratumLucidum,StratumGranulosum,Stratum
Spinosum
C) StratumBasale,StratumSpinosum,StratumGranulosum,StratumLucidum,Stratum
Corneum
D) StratumCorneum,StratumLucidum,StratumGranulosum,StratumSpinosum,Stratum
Basale
6. Stratumgranulosumcontainsdesmosomes.
True False
7. Stratumcorneum,themostsuperficialepidermalstrata,isresponsibleforwaterproofingdue
toitshighlevelsofkeratin.
True False
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  1. List the five major components of the integumentary system.
  2. List and elaborate on the six primary functions of the integumentary system.
  3. The three layers of the skin are the _________________, _________________ and the _________________ in order from most superficial to most deep.
  4. The epidermis is avascular; it’s nourished by diffusion from capillaries of the papillary layer of the dermis. True False
  5. The epidermis is composed of cells arranged into layers or strata. Which of the following choices best represents the order of the epidermal strata from most deep to most superficial? A) Stratum Corneum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Basale, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Spinosum B) Stratum Corneum, Stratum Basale, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum C) Stratum Basale, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Corneum D) Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Basale
  6. Stratum granulosum contains desmosomes. True False
  7. Stratum corneum, the most superficial epidermal strata, is responsible for waterproofing due to its high levels of keratin. True False
  1. A ______________ is an increase in the number of layers in stratum corneum.
  2. Thick skin has all five epithelial strata. True False
  3. Hair grows in thin skin. True False
  4. What three factors help to determine skin color?
  5. The pigment __________________ provides for protection against ultra ‐ violet light.
  6. __________________, a yellow pigment is obtained from vegetables and accumulates in stratum corneum, in adipose cells of dermis and in hypodermis.
  7. Why would the skin generally appear red in color?
  8. If a person presents with skin that’s generally blue in color, this is indicative of what condition? Explain the condition.
  9. The hypodermis functions as an energy source, insulation and padding. True False
  10. Thicker areas of the stratum corneum generally appear what color? A) Green B) Pink C) Yellow D) Orange
  1. Ceruminous glands are modified merocrine sweat glands in the external auditory meatus. They are responsible for producing cerumen which functions, in combination with hairs, to prevent entry into the ear by dirt and insects as well as to keep the eardrum supple. True False
  2. ___________________________ are modified apocrine sweat glands. They will be covered in the chapter dealing with reproduction.
  3. Describe all of the different ways that the integumentary system is protective.
  4. What sensations is the integumentary system responsible for providing?
  5. Describe how the integumentary system provides temperature regulation to the body.
  1. __________________________, contained in the skin, converts to cholecalciferol when exposed to ultra ‐ violet radiation.
  2. Cholecalciferol is released to the blood and modified in the liver and kidneys to form calcitonin. True False
  3. Explain the affect of calcitriol on calcium homeostasis.
  4. The integumentary system is responsible for removing which of the following waste products from the body? A) Sweat B) Urea C) Ammonia D) Uric Acid E) All of the Above
  5. What are the five major functions of the skeletal system? Describe them.
  1. _____________________________ is the formation of bone by osteoblasts.
  2. __________________________ is the building of new bone by adding calcium.
  3. ____________________ are overlapping fibers between cells in the epidermis.
  4. __________________ are interconnecting rods or plates of bone, like scaffolding. The spaces are filled with marrow, covered with endosteum and oriented along stress lines.
  5. What type of material does the organic matrix of the bone contain?
  6. What type of material does the inorganic matrix of the bone contain?
  7. _____________________________ become chondroblasts or osteoblasts.
  8. Describe the two ways in which nutrients and wastes travel to and from osteocytes.
  9. What are the four bone shape classifications? Give an example of each.
  10. Name the seven primary structure features of the long bone
  11. Flat bones develop by ________________________ ossification in fontanels. It takes place in the connective tissue membrane.
  1. Long bones develop by __________________ ossification in hyaline cartilage.
  2. Both types of ossification initially produce woven bone which is then remodeled. True False
  3. ____________________ are large unossified membrane ‐ covered spaces between developing skull bones.
  4. In the center of ossification, osteocytes deposit matrix from the middle out. True False
  5. Describe long bone growth at the epiphyseal plate. Mention each zone and describe what is happening.
  6. _________________ cartilage does not ossify and persists through life.
  7. _________________ is the lack of vitamin D during adulthood which leads to softening of bones.
  8. __________________ and _____________________ are the two hormones that control blood calcium levels.
  1. Fibrous joints, which have little or no movement and have no joint cavity, are classified as three different types. Name them, briefly describe them and give an example of each.
  2. Cartilaginous joints are classified as two types called ______________________ (joined by hyaline cartilage) and ______________________ (joined by fibrocartilage).
  3. Give an example of a synchondroses. What type of cartilage unites the two bones?
  4. Give an example of a symphyses. What type of cartilage unites the two bones?
  5. Synovial joints contain ____________ fluid.
  6. Synovial joints allow little to no movement. True False
  7. Articular cartilage is made of _______________ cartilage. It provides a smooth surface.
  8. The _______________________ encloses the articular surfaces.
  9. The ________________________________ consists of dense irregular connective tissue and is continuous with the fibrous layer of the periosteum.
  10. The __________________ membrane secretes synovial fluid which is a complex mixture of polysaccharides, proteins, fat and cells.
  1. ____________________ is the sense of the relative position of neighboring parts of the body. Nerves in the capsule help the brain to know the position of the joints.
  2. _____________ are pockets of synovial membrane and fluid that extend from the joint. They are found in areas of friction.
  3. List the three types of synovial joints and describe their range of motion.
  4. _________________________ are synovial sacs that surround tendons as they pass near or over bone.
  5. _____________ are fibrocartilaginous pads in the knee.
  6. Give an example of a uniaxial plane joint.
  7. Give an example of a biaxial saddle joint.
  8. Give an example of a uniaxial hinge joint.
  9. An example of a pivot joint is the articulation between the dens of the axis and the atlas. A pivot joint rotates around a single axis and is _____________________.
  10. Give an example of a multiaxial ball ‐ and ‐ socket joint.
  11. Give an example of an ellipsoid (condyloid) joint. Is it multiaxial or biaxial?
  1. Describe the condition called gout.
  2. List the two types of arthritis and indicate what causes each.
  3. ____________________ is a disease of bone that leads to an increased risk of fracture. This occurs because bone resorption outpaces bone deposition.
  4. __________________________ or “soft bones” includes a number of disorders in which the bones are inadequately mineralized.
  5. _____________________ is a rotational movement of the forearm at the radioulnar joint.
  6. _________________ is a position of either the forearm or foot; in the forearm when the palm faces anteriorly, or faces up. In the foot, this occurs when a person appears “bow ‐ legged” with their weight supported primarily on the anterior of their feet.
  7. The stability of a synovial joint depends on three factors: the shape of the articular surfaces, the number and positioning of ligaments and muscle tone. True False
  8. As a general rule, the more ligaments a joint has, the stronger it is. True False
  9. A ________________________ is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension. They work together with muscles and can only exert a pulling force.
  10. A ___________________ can be one of three different types of structures: A) Fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones. B) A fold of peritoneum or other membrane. C) The remnants of a tubular structure from the fetal period of life.
  1. Hypersecretion of growth hormone in children results in gigantism and deficits of growth hormone or thyroid hormone produce characteristic types of dwarfism. True False