Download Anthropological Insights on Religion, Subsistence Strategies, and Kinship Systems and more Quizzes Introduction to Cultural Anthropology in PDF only on Docsity!
What is Religion
"Spirit beings and Forces" and "religious practitioners"Aslo thoughts, actions, and feelings based on belief in the existence of spirit beings and supernatural forces. TERM 2
Anthropologists explanations on religion
DEFINITION 2 they analyze religious beliefs and rituals using etic and emic perspectives, reviewing objective and conditions and subjective experiences.Religion is a universal phenomenonALL RELIGIONS ARE VALID!HOLISTIC, COMPARATIVE AND RELATIVISTIC PERSPECTIVES ARE STILL IMPORTANT. TERM 3
Revitalization movements
DEFINITION 3 How cultures change themselves Seeking to accomplishits a social movement aimed at restoring traditional culture TERM 4
why do revitalization movements occur?
DEFINITION 4 occur in times of cultural stress TERM 5
Native American Ghost Dance and Melanesian
Cargo Cults.
DEFINITION 5 Revitalization process trying to gain back tradition in times of need
Main Characteristics of Subsistence
strategy
It is practiced by majority of the farmers in the country.(b) It is characterized by small and scattered land holdings and use of primitive tools.(c) The farmers do not use fertilizers and high yielding variety of seeds as they are poor.(d) Electricity and irrigation facilities are not generally available to them which results in low productivity.(e) Most of the food production is consumed by the farmers and their families.(f) Where facilities like electricity and irrigation are available farming has improved.(g) Important cash crops like sugarcane, oil seeds, cotton and jute are grown.(h) Dry land farming is practiced in areas where the rainfall is low and irrigation facilities are inadequate.land farming is practiced in high rainfall and irrigated areas. TERM 7
When and where did the shift from foraging
to other forms of food production occur?
DEFINITION 7 When they had surplus in food they would sell it to make moneywhen the weather is not good they have to move and find new land with good grounds. TERM 8
Richard lee's research has what surprising
information about forgers?
DEFINITION 8 The group he studied the Ju/'Hoansi people are unlike most foraging groups.Most congregate in larger groups when resources are abundant and disperse into smaller groups when resources are scarce.the Ju/hoansi people reversed this pattern, settling around permanent water holes during the dry season and dispersing during the rainy season when the water was more available. TERM 9
What is "Insulting the Meat"?
DEFINITION 9 They insult the meat as a second leveling mechanism, they try to prevent men from boasting, and thinking they are better than the chiefs. TERM 10
Contemporary pastoralists issues
DEFINITION 10 Often the environments are unsuitable for growing domesticated plants.Property rightsSometimes have issue with wild animals coming to eat their crops or also they can get killed
Difference between Tribes and Bands
Bands are small and loosely organized groups of people held together by informal meansTribes are different from Bands as far as structure and organizing cohesion and community integration. TERM 17
differences between chiefdoms and tribes
DEFINITION 17 Chiefdoms are stratified organzied by kinshipso the main difference is that tribes don't choose leaders from the same kinship groups like chiefdoms do TERM 18
states differ from chiefdoms?
DEFINITION 18 States are centralized social and politically with formal governments organized into a hierarchical structure of authority.they differ from chiefdoms because they dont choose from kinship groups TERM 19
What status difference exist within foraging
societies?
DEFINITION 19 groups composed of up to a 100 peopleflexible on the territory TERM 20
What is Kinship?
DEFINITION 20 Kinship is a system of determining who one's relatives are and what one's relationship is to them. Culturally defined relationships establishing on the basis of blood line (consanguineal) through marriage (affinal) or by fictive means (adoption)kinship is an important organizing principle in many societies
FORMAL Kinship analyses..why is it
important?
kinship diagrams are a schematic way of representing datato be able to discover the different descents out there.Bilateral descents- people think of themselves related to both mothers kin and fathers kin at the same timeunilineal descent- people define themselves in relation to only oneside of either their mother of father's side/ TERM 22
Bilateral descents
DEFINITION 22 people think of themselves related to both mothers kin and fathers kin at the same time TERM 23
unilineal descent
DEFINITION 23 people define themselves in relation to only oneside of either their mother of father's side/ TERM 24
Matrilineal Descent
DEFINITION 24 Matrilineality is a system in which descent is traced through the mother and maternal ancestors. Matrilineality is also a societal system in which one belongs to one's matriline or mother's lineage, which can involve the inheritance of property and/or titles. TERM 25
Patrilineal Descent
DEFINITION 25 Patrilineality is a system in which an individual belongs to his or her father's lineage.
Polygyny
Polygyny is a form of plural marriage in which a man is allowed more than one wife (i.e. TERM 32
Polyandry
DEFINITION 32 Polyandry is a form of polygamy whereby a woman takes two or more husbands at the same time. TERM 33
Union
DEFINITION 33 between two or more people who are likely to be but are not necessarily co-resident, sexually involved and are procreative. TERM 34
Nayar
DEFINITION 34 ceremonial marriage and joining together TERM 35
Tiwi
DEFINITION 35 Cross generational marriage
Nuer
ghost marriage and surragant mothers (same sex marriage among women) TERM 37
Acanda
DEFINITION 37 Same sex marriage among men (in Africa) TERM 38
Bridewealth
DEFINITION 38 Bride price, also known as bride wealth, bride token, is an amount of money or property or wealth paid by the groom or his family to the parents of a woman upon the marriage of their daughter to the groom. TERM 39
Brideservice
DEFINITION 39 Bride service has traditionally been portrayed in the anthropological literature as the service rendered by the bridegroom to a bride's family as a bride price or part of one. TERM 40
Dowry
DEFINITION 40 A dowry is a process whereby parental property is distributed to a daughter at her marriage rather than at the holder's death (mortis causa).
