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Exam 1 with Answer Key for Developmental Biology | BIO 5620, Exams of Developmental biology

Wayne State University (WSU)Developmental biology

Material Type: Exam; Class: Developmental Bio-HON; Subject: Biological Sciences; University: Wayne State University; Term: Winter 2016;

Typology: Exams

2015/2016

Uploaded on 04/05/2016

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Examî ±1
Name___________________________________Date________________________
MULTIPLECHOICE.Choosetheonealternativethatbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.Each
questionî ±isî ±worthî ±2î ±points.
1) Inî ±theî ±diagramî ±below,î ±cellî ±Aî ±secretesî ±signalî ±X,î ±whichî ±inducesî ±theî ±nearestî ±neighboringî ±cellî ±to
becomeî ±cellî ±Bî ±andî ±theî ±furthestî ±cellî ±toî ±becomeî ±cellî ±Dî ±inî ±aî ±dose-dependentî ±manner.
Whichî ±ofî ±theî ±followingî ±bestî ±describesî ±theî ±conceptî ±illustratedî ±above?
A) Permissiveî ±induction
B) Autocrineî ±induction
C) Instructiveî ±induction
D) Twoî ±ofî ±theî ±above
E) Allî ±ofî ±theî ±above
1)
2) Inthediagrambelow,thewhitecellsinpanelIareequivalent.However,inpanelII,thecellinthe
middleî ±inducesî ±theî ±cellsî ±inî ±theî ±peripheryî ±toî ±undergoî ±aî ±differentî ±fateî ±inî ±aî ±cell-cell
contact-dependentmanner.Thus,bypanelIII,themiddlecellhasacompletelydifferentfatefrom
thoseî ±ofî ±theî ±peripheralî ±cells.
Whichî ±ofî ±theî ±followingî ±isî ±consistentî ±withî ±theî ±conceptî ±illustratedî ±above?
A) Notchî ±signaling
B)
J
uxtacrineî ±signaling
C) Wntî ±signaling
D) Twoî ±ofî ±theî ±above
E) Allî ±ofî ±theî ±above
2)
1
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
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Partial preview of the text

Download Exam 1 with Answer Key for Developmental Biology | BIO 5620 and more Exams Developmental biology in PDF only on Docsity!

Name___________________________________ Date________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Each question is worth 2 points.

  1. In the diagram below, cell A secretes signal X, which induces the nearest neighboring cell to become cell B and the furthest cell to become cell D in a dose-dependent manner.

Which of the following best describes the concept illustrated above? A) Permissive induction B) Autocrine induction C) Instructive induction D) Two of the above E) All of the above

  1. In the diagram below, the white cells in panel I are equivalent. However, in panel II, the cell in the middle induces the cells in the periphery to undergo a different fate in a cell-cell contact-dependent manner. Thus, by panel III, the middle cell has a completely different fate from those of the peripheral cells.

Which of the following is consistent with the concept illustrated above? A) Notch signaling B) Juxtacrine signaling C) Wnt signaling D) Two of the above E) All of the above

Name___________________________________ Date________________________

  1. A Wnt gain-of-function mutation leads to increased cell death, ie, apoptosis. A Wnt loss-of-function mutation leads to a decrease in apoptosis. What would you most likely expect if the animal has a gain-of-function mutation in GSK3ïą? A) The GSK3ïą gain-of-function mutant will have increased apoptosis B) The GSK3ïą gain-of-function mutant will have decreased apoptosis C) The GSK3ïą gain-of-function mutant will have no effect on apoptosis D) Not enough information has been provided
  1. According to the cell theory, A) the cell is the basic unit of life B) new cells can only arise through division of pre-existing cells C) bacteria, plants or animals are made of cells D) Two of the above E) All of the above
  1. Which of the following illustrates mosaic development? A) Cells at the two-cell stage are not totipotent B) Cells at the two-cell stage are totipotent C) A mammalian embryo D) Two of the above E) All of the above
  1. Which of the following undergoes rotational cleavage? A) A C. elegans embryo B) A human embryo C) A Xenopus embryo D) Two of the above E) All of the above
  1. Messenger RNA X promotes epidermal cell fate, and microRNA Y promotes neuronal fate. MicroRNA Y is complementary to the 3 Êč untranslated region of messenger RNA X. Which of the following will most likely happen if the cell, which expresses both X and Y, has a mutation in microRNA Y that would destroy its complementarity with messenger RNA X? A) The cell will become a neuron B) The cell will become an epidermal cell C) Not enough information has been provided
  1. Fertilization in C. elegans occurs when A) the oocyte is near the end of prophase I of meiosis B) the oocyte is at metaphase I of meiosis C) the oocyte is at metaphase II of meiosis D) the oocyte is near the end of telophase II of meiosis
  1. At which stage of embryonic development are the different germ layers generated? A) The neurula stage B) The blastula stage C) The gastrula stage D) The morula stage

Name___________________________________ Date________________________

  1. The cytostatic factor A) contains a cyclin B) contains the c-Mos protein kinase C) is inhibited by a rise in intracellular Ca2+^ levels D) Two of the above E) All of the above
  1. Which statement(s) are true? A) The acrosome is derived from the Golgi B) The acrosome secretes Ca2+^ ions to promote sperm chemotaxis towards the egg C) The acrosome is not involved in sperm recognition of the egg D) Two of the above E) All of the above
  1. The site of sperm entry is A) the future dorsal region of a Xenopus embryo B) the future ventral region of a Xenopus embryo C) the future anterior region of a Xenopus embryo D) the future posterior region of a Xenopus embryo
  1. Upon fertilization, A) the sperm nucleus, centrosome (and centrioles), mitochondria and flagellum enter the egg cytosol B) the vitelline envelope is replaced by the fertilization envelope as a result of cortical rotation C) only the sperm nucleus, centrosome (and centrioles) and mitochondria enter the egg cytosol D) the vitelline envelope remains attached to the egg cell membrane
  1. The cortical rotation in the Xenopus embryo A) depends on actin polymerization B) depends on microtubule polymerizatiom C) All of the above D) None of the above
  1. Which of the following statement(s) are true? A) The fertilized Xenopus egg undergoes the gap phases G1 and G2 of the cell cycle prior to the two-cell stage B) The gap phases G1 and G2 of the cell cycle are introduced during the Xenopus gastrula stage C) The gap phases G1 and G2 of the cell cycle are introduced during the Xenopus blastula stage D) The gap phases G1 and G2 of the cell cycle are introduced during the Xenopus morula stage
  1. The cortical rotation in Xenopus A) inhibits the stabilization of ïą-catenin in the ventral region of the blastula B) promotes the localization of Dishevelled in the ventral region of the blastula C) promotes the induction of the Spemann-Mangold organizer in the ventral region of the blastula D) promotes the induction of the Nieuwkoop center from the animal pole cells in the dorsal region of the blastula

Name___________________________________ Date________________________

  1. Sperm capacitation A) is required in sea urchins to promote fertilization B) is required in humans to promote fertilization C) All of the above D) None of the above
  1. What phenotype would you expect from the following manipulation?

A) Twinned embryos B) Ventralized embryos C) Normal embryos

  1. The brain expresses protein X, which is generated by the splicing of exon 1 to exon 3, since the brain also specifically expresses a splicing factor that hides exon 2. In contrast, the limb expresses protein Y, which is generated by the splicing of exon 1 to exon 2, and exon 2 to exon 3.

Which of the following would most likely happen if the brain-specific splicing factor also becomes expressed in the limb? A) The limb will remain normal B) The limb will have brain-like characteristics C) The brain will have limb-like characteristics D) Two of the above E) All of the above

  1. Cortical granules A) are induced to undergo exocytosis in response to Ca2+^ influx from the extracellular space B) undergo simultaneous exocytosis throughout the whole egg C) secrete proteases and polysaccharides in response to increased cytosolic Ca 2+^ levels D) Two of the above E) All of the above
  1. Which of the following statement(s) are true? A) Transcription begins at the mid-morula transition in most chordates B) Transcription begins at the mid-blastula transition in most chordates C) Translation begins at the mid-morula transition in most chordates D) Translation begins at the mid-blastula transition in most chordates

Name___________________________________ Date________________________

  1. Hedgehog signaling is required for proper bone formation. A hedgehog loss-of-function mutation leads to boneless vertebrates, whereas a hedgehog gain-of-function mutation leads to increased bone density in vertebrates. What would you most likely expect in vertebrates with a frizzled loss-of-function mutation? A) The frizzled mutants will develop into boneless vertebrates B) The frizzled mutants will develop into vertebrates with increased bone density C) Not enough information has been provided
  1. A dominant-negative mutation within a gene can lead to A) constitutive activity of the gene product B) inhibition of the activity of the wild-type gene product C) All of the above D) None of the above
  1. Which cell movements occur during gastrulation? A) Epiboly B) Ingression C) Invagination D) Two of the above E) All of the above
  1. The extracellular matrix A) can inhibit the expression of cell division genes B) plays no role in ligand presentation to cell-surface receptors C) is a soluble network of proteoglycans and glycoproteins secreted by the cells into their immediate environment D) Two of the above E) All of the above
  1. Identical twins will A) more likely occur in animals that undergo mosaic development than in animals that undergo regulative development B) more likely occur in animals that undergo regulative development than in animals that undergo mosaic development C) occur at the same rate in animals that undergo either mosaic development or regulative development D) Two of the above E) All of the above
  1. Which of the following statements are true? A) Animals undergoing holoblastic cleavage have dense yolk deposition, which can inhibit complete cleavage furrow formation B) Animals undergoing holoblastic cleavage have dense yolk deposition, which does not affect cleavage furrow formation C) Animals undergoing meroblastic cleavage have dense yolk deposition, which can inhibit complete cleavage furrow formation D) Animals undergoing meroblastic cleavage have dense yolk deposition, which does not affect cleavage furrow formation

Name___________________________________ Date________________________

  1. Integrin binds to A) Wnt B) fibronectin C) laminin D) Two of the above E) All of the above
  1. Which of the following statement is most likely true? A) Activation of ïą-catenin has no effect on its subcellular localization B) Activation of ïą-catenin causes its translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus C) Activation of ïą-catenin causes its translocation from the nucleus to the adherens junction D) Activation of (^) ïą-catenin causes its dissociation from cadherin
  1. Which of the following statement is true? A) The blastopore of a deuterostome or a protostome gives rise to the mouth B) The blastopore of a deuterostome gives rise to the mouth, whereas the blastopore of a protostome gives rise to the anus C) The blastopore of a protostome gives rise to the mouth, whereas the blastopore of a deuterostome gives rise to the anus D) The blastopore of a deuterostome or a protostome gives rise to the anus

SHORT ANSWERS. Write your answers within the space provided.

  1. What is genomic equivalence? (2 points) Give one reason why cloning an animal can be difficult. (2 points)

  2. Describe a very rapid mechanism to block polyspermy. (2 points) Does this occur in all animals? (1 point)

Name___________________________________ Date________________________

  1. What would you expect if a Xenopus late blastula is injected in the ventral region with high concentrations of chordin mRNA? (1.5 points) Why? (1.5 points)

BONUS QUESTION (1 point)

  1. Name the scientist who proposed the idea of mosaic development. 46)

Answer Key

Testname: EXAM 1

1) C

2) D

3) B

4) E

5) A

6) D

7) B

8) A

9) C

10) C

11) D

12) B

13) B

14) B

15) D

16) A

17) D

18) A

19) B

20) A

21) B

22) C

23) A

24) B

25) C

26) B

27) C

28) B

29) A

30) C

31) D

32) C

33) B

34) E

35) A

36) B

37) C

38) D

39) B

40) C