Study guide (Exam #1), Micro 200
- significant microbiologists – their contribution
- pH: concept of pH (H+ ion level), acidic vs alkali
- osmotic pressure: isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic (what happens to cells when you put
them into each of these solution?)
- prokaryotic vs eukaryotic organisms; bacteria are which? Why?
- naming (binomial) of microorganisms
- types of microscopes and their utility (e.g., to observe stained vs unstained objects, to
observe motility, etc) (what is the resolution power of a lens?)
-Transient flora vs (resident) normal flora: how do you determine if a bacterium is a
transient or a normal flora on your skin?
- nosocomial infection is?
-monomers vs polymers (examples of them); DNA is made of? Protein is made of?
-shapes of bacteria (cocci, rods, spirochetes) and examples
- arrangement of cocci and examples
-structural components of bacteria and their “function”
Nucleoid (why is it not called nucleus?)
capsule (how does it protect bacteria?)
cell wall (how do lysozyme and penicillin damage the cell wall?) (what bacteria do not
have cell wall?) (what component in Gram- cell wall causes sepsis?)
cell membrane
flagella (various types of flagella arrangement. What bacteria have the type of flagella
that can’t be seen from outside? What are these flagella called?)
fimbriae, pili
endospores (Which bacteria can form spores?)
storage granules (what bacteria have metachromatic granules?)
-be able to draw Gram+ and Gram- cell wall and label the components
- We human beings carry out respiration (to get ATP as energy) in Mitochondria,
bacteria do not have mitochondria, where do they carry out their respiration?
- Transcription vs Translation (DNA→ RNA vs RNA → protein)
-Eukaryotic structural components and their functions
Cell membrane (what molecules confer stability of the cell membrane?),
RER (why is it called “rough”?), SER (what is its function?), Golgi apparatus (what is
glycosylation?), nucleus, flagella & cilia (what type of tubule arrangement do they have?)
-Viral structural components (envelopes, nucleocapsids, peplomers, etc.)
- Icosahedron shaped viruses: How many sides and angles this shape contains?
-enveloped vs naked virus: difference?
-Host (meaning tissue type or different species) specificity for a virus infection is mostly
determined by?
-What is a phage? prophage? lysogenic bacteria?
-steps in virus life cycle: How do they enter the cell, where do they replicate their DNA,
where do they make their protein, where do they assemble? How do they get out of
the cell?)
-Viral CPE (what is a plaque? a giant cell?)
-Viral latent infection, examples
- How do interferons protect, in a viral infection?
- Study labs #1 - #6.
