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Exam 1 | SOCIOL 101 - Introductory Sociology, Quizzes of Introduction to Sociology

Chapters 1-5 Class: SOCIOL 101 - Introductory Sociology; Subject: Sociology; University: Ohio State University - Main Campus; Term: Spring 2010;

Typology: Quizzes

2009/2010

Uploaded on 04/18/2010

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TERM 1
anomie
DEFINITION 1
a loss of direction felt in a society when social control of
individual behavior has become ineffective, think French
Revolution
TERM 2
applied sociology
DEFINITION 2
the use of the discipline of sociology ith the specific intent of
yielding practical applications for human behavior and
organizations
TERM 3
basic sociology
DEFINITION 3
solociological inquiry conducted with the objective of gaining
a more profound knowledge of the fundamental aspects of
social phenomena
TERM 4
clinical sociology
DEFINITION 4
the use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent
of altering social relationships or restructuring social
institutions
TERM 5
dysfunction
DEFINITION 5
an element or process of a society that may disrupt the social
system or reduce its stability
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anomie

a loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective, think French Revolution TERM 2

applied sociology

DEFINITION 2 the use of the discipline of sociology ith the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations TERM 3

basic sociology

DEFINITION 3 solociological inquiry conducted with the objective of gaining a more profound knowledge of the fundamental aspects of social phenomena TERM 4

clinical sociology

DEFINITION 4 the use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of altering social relationships or restructuring social institutions TERM 5

dysfunction

DEFINITION 5 an element or process of a society that may disrupt the social system or reduce its stability

feminist view

a sociological approach that views inequity in gender as central to all behavior and organization TERM 7

globalization

DEFINITION 7 the worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas TERM 8

ideal type

DEFINITION 8 a construct or model for evaluating specific cases TERM 9

interactionist perspective

DEFINITION 9 a sociological approach that generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to explain society as a whole TERM 10

latent function

DEFINITION 10 an unconsious or unintended function that may reflect hidden purposes

theory

a set of statements hat seek to explain problems, actions, or behavior TERM 17

verstehen

DEFINITION 17 "understanding or insight", used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account the subjective meanings people attach to their actions TERM 18

causal logic

DEFINITION 18 the relationship between a condition or variable and a particular consequence, with one event leading to the oher TERM 19

code of ethics

DEFINITION 19 the standards of acceptable behavior developed by and for members of a profession TERM 20

content analysis

DEFINITION 20 the systematic coding and objective recording of dataguided by some rationale

cross-tabulation

a table or matrix that shows the relationship between two or more variables TERM 22

ethnography

DEFINITION 22 the study of an entire social setting through extended systematic observation TERM 23

hawthorne effect

DEFINITION 23 the unintended influence that observers of experiments can have on their subjects TERM 24

interview

DEFINITION 24 a face-to-face or telephone questioning of a respondent to obtain desired information TERM 25

observation

DEFINITION 25 a research technique in which an investigator colleccts infomation through direct participation and/or by closely watching a group or community

bilingualism

the use of two or more languages in a particular setting, such as the workplace or schoolroom, treating each language as equally legitimate TERM 32

counterculture

DEFINITION 32 a subculture that deliberately opposes certain aspects of the larger culture TERM 33

cultural relativism

DEFINITION 33 the viewing of people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture TERM 34

cultural universal

DEFINITION 34 a common practice or belief found in every culture TERM 35

culture

DEFINITION 35 the totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior

culture industry

the worldwide media industry taht standardizes the goods and seervices demanded by consumers TERM 37

culture lag

DEFINITION 37 a period of maladjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions TERM 38

culture shock

DEFINITION 38 the feeling of surprise and disorientation that people experience when they encounter cultural practices that are different from their own TERM 39

culture

war

DEFINITION 39 the polarization of society over controvesial cultural elements TERM 40

dominant ideology

DEFINITION 40 a set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests

language

an abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture, includes gestrues and other noonverbal communication TERM 47

law

DEFINITION 47 governmental socail control TERM 48

material culture

DEFINITION 48 the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives TERM 49

mores

DEFINITION 49 norms deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society TERM 50

nonmaterial culture

DEFINITION 50 ways of using material objects as well as customs, beliefs, philosophies, ogvernments, and patterns of communication

norm

an established standard of behavior maintained by society TERM 52

sapir-worf hypothesis

DEFINITION 52 a hypothesis concerning the role of language in shaping our interpretation of reality TERM 53

society

DEFINITION 53 a fairly large number of people who live in the same territory are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture TERM 54

sociobiology

DEFINITION 54 the systematic study of how biology affects human social behavior TERM 55

subculture

DEFINITION 55 a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values that differs from the pattern of the larger society

dramaturgical approach

a view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers TERM 62

face-work

DEFINITION 62 a term used to refer to the efforts people make to maintain the proper image and avoid public embarrassment TERM 63

gender role

DEFINITION 63 expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes and activities of males or females TERM 64

generalized other

DEFINITION 64 a term used to refer to the attitudes, viewoints and expectations of society as a whole that a child takes into account in his or her behavior TERM 65

impression management

DEFINITION 65 a term used to refer to the altering of the persentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and statisfy particular audiences

life course

approach

a research oeirntation in which sociologists and other social scientists look closely at the social factors that influence peope throughout their lives, from birth to death TERM 67

looking-glass self

DEFINITION 67 a concept that emphasizes the self as the product of our social interations TERM 68

midlife crisis

DEFINITION 68 a stressful period of self-evaluation that begins at about age 40 TERM 69

personality

DEFINITION 69 a person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics and behavior TERM 70

resocailization

DEFINITION 70 the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life

socialization

the lifelong process in which people learn the attitudes, values, and behaviors appropriate for members of a particular culture TERM 77

symbol

DEFINITION 77 a gesture, object, or word that forms the basis of human communication TERM 78

total institution

DEFINITION 78 an intutition that regulates all aspects of a person's life under a singgel authority such as a prison, the military, a menta hospital, or a convent TERM 79

achieved status

DEFINITION 79 a social position that a person attains largely through his or her own efforts TERM 80

agrarian society

DEFINITION 80 the most technologically advanced form of preindustrial sociat, members are primarily engaged in the production f food but increase their crop yields through technological innovations

alienation

a condition of estrangement or dissociation form the surrounding society TERM 82

ascribed status

DEFINITION 82 a social position assigned to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characterisics TERM 83

avatar

DEFINITION 83 a three-dimensioal model, two-dimensional icon or constructed peronality that is assumed by the user of an internet site TERM 84

bureaucracy

DEFINITION 84 a component of formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency TERM 85

bureaucratization

DEFINITION 85 the process by which a group, organization, or social movement becomes increasingly bureaucratic

goal displacement

overzealous conformity to official regulations of a bureaucracy TERM 92

group

DEFINITION 92 any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis TERM 93

horitcultural society

DEFINITION 93 a preindustrial society in which people plant seeds and crops rather than merely subsist on available foods TERM 94

human relations approach

DEFINITION 94 an approach to the study of formal organizations that emphasizes the role of people, communication, and participation in a bureaucracy and tends to focus on the informal structure of the organization TERM 95

hunting-and gathering-society

DEFINITION 95 a preindustrail society in which people rely on whatever foods and fiberrs are readily available in order to suvive

industrial society

a society that depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services TERM 97

in-group

DEFINITION 97 any group or category to which people feel they belong TERM 98

iron law of oligarchy

DEFINITION 98 a principle of organizational life under which even a democratic organization will eventually develop into a bureaucracy ruled by a few individuals TERM 99

master status

DEFINITION 99 a status that dominates others and therby determines a person's general position in society TERM 100

mcdonaldization

DEFINITION 100 the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more ssectors of American society as well as of the rest of the world