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Size of a
microorganism?
Micron-10 to the -
TERM 2
Organisms not visisble to the naked
eye:
DEFINITION 2
bacteriavirusesprotozoafungi
TERM 3
Pathogenic
DEFINITION 3
-causes diseases and infections examples: chlora, plague
(TB), Anthrax, small pox, AIDS, SARS, Avian flu
TERM 4
Roles of microorganisms
DEFINITION 4
-pathogenic (causes disease and infections)-nutrient
recycling on earth (significant role)-industrial use (yeasts and
fermentation)
TERM 5
"father of microbiology"
DEFINITION 5
Leeuwenhock
Leeuwenhock
-described "animacules"-first descrition of bacteria in water
samples-made a lens system
TERM 7
Does life generate itself
spontaneously?
DEFINITION 7
Yes
TERM 8
T/F: Life comes spontaneous from non living
thing?
DEFINITION 8
True
TERM 9
Redi's experiment
DEFINITION 9
-first experiment in biology-used maggots and meat(he said
life generates spontaneously)
TERM 10
Needham's objections
DEFINITION 10
british clergyman opposed Redi's view
What British scientist discovered the Cholera
spread?
Snow
TERM 17
Who studies epidemiology?
DEFINITION 17
CDC
TERM 18
Edward Jenner
DEFINITION 18
-developed his method of vaccination-used inoculation
TERM 19
T/F: Edward Jenner was against small pox?
DEFINITION 19
True
TERM 20
Pasteur
DEFINITION 20
-proposed that germs cause infectious diseases-
experimented with the souring of wine
Fermentation process was explained by
who?
Pasteur
TERM 22
The germ theory of disease
DEFINITION 22
science requires definite proof -germs cause infectious
diseases
TERM 23
Pasteurization
DEFINITION 23
kills organisms by heat
TERM 24
Robert Koch
DEFINITION 24
formalizes standards to identify germs with infectious
disease
TERM 25
What scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize
for working with TB?
DEFINITION 25
Robert Koch
Luria and Dullbruck
-spontaneous mutation in baceria-development of resisitance
TERM 32
what are used to cure infectious
diseases?
DEFINITION 32
Antibiotics
TERM 33
Alexander Flemming
DEFINITION 33
-discovered the antibacterial action of a mold- penicillin
TERM 34
Florey and Chain
DEFINITION 34
further refined and tested penicillin
TERM 35
Who coined the word "antibiotic"?
DEFINITION 35
Waksman
2nd leading cause of mortality?
infectious diseases
TERM 37
T/F: U.S president signed "HIV/AIDS, TB, and
Malaria act of 2003"
DEFINITION 37
True
TERM 38
Peptide bond
DEFINITION 38
bridges a chain of amino acids
TERM 39
Who was the first to observe and describe
bacteria?
DEFINITION 39
Leeuwenhock
TERM 40
Microbes range in___ size
DEFINITION 40
micrometers
Polymers
monomers link with other monomers to form polymers
TERM 47
Monomers-----Polymers
DEFINITION 47
Monomers------------Polymers Monosaccharide--------
Carbohydrate/starch/sugarAmino Acids----------
ProteinNucleotide---------nucleic acid/DNA/RNAFatty Acid---------
lipids/fats
TERM 48
Carbohydrates
DEFINITION 48
an organic compound composed of atoms of C, H, and 0
TERM 49
Monosaccharide
DEFINITION 49
most basic unit of carbsGlucose, fructose
TERM 50
Disaccharide
DEFINITION 50
formed when two monosaccharides
condenseSucrose=glucose + fructose
Polysaccharide
-formed by very long sugar chains -not solute in water
TERM 52
Insulin
DEFINITION 52
Glucose--> Glycogen
TERM 53
Primary function of carbs
DEFINITION 53
short term energy storage (sugars for energy)
TERM 54
Secondary function of carbs
DEFINITION 54
intermediate term energy storage (starch in plants, Glycogen
in Fungi and animals)
TERM 55
Lipids
DEFINITION 55
-fatty acid chains (C-H)-not soluble in water
T/F: All enzymes are proteins
true
TERM 62
DNA
DEFINITION 62
Gentic material-polynucleotide chains
TERM 63
RNA
DEFINITION 63
Genetic Material-sugar, phosphate, and base
TERM 64
Watson, Crick, and Wilkins
DEFINITION 64
won nobel prize for finding DNA (double stranded helix)
TERM 65
Hydrogen bonds
DEFINITION 65
holds the 2 strands of a double helix of DNA together
Adenine is paired with?
Thymine
TERM 67
Gvanine pairs with?
DEFINITION 67
cytosine
TERM 68
Messenger RNA
DEFINITION 68
-carries codons-inside nucleus
TERM 69
Transfer RNA
DEFINITION 69
transfers amino acids
TERM 70
Ribosomal RNA
DEFINITION 70
part of ribosomes
Ribosomes
RNA-protein bodies-Prokaryotes have free ribsomes-
Eukaryotes- ribosomes attatched to ER
TERM 77
T/F: Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes are
structurally distinct
DEFINITION 77
true
TERM 78
Endomembrane system
DEFINITION 78
transport channel in the eukaryotic cell-no prokaryotes
TERM 79
Endoplasmic Reticulum
DEFINITION 79
-sites for proteins and lipid synthesis
TERM 80
Rough ER
DEFINITION 80
protein synthesis
Smooth ER
Lipid synthesis
TERM 82
Golgi Apparatus
DEFINITION 82
processing and packaging proteins and lipids for outside
transport
TERM 83
Lysosome
DEFINITION 83
circular sacs from golgi apparatus- contain digestive
enzymes
TERM 84
Mitochondria
DEFINITION 84
power house of c ell-converts chemical to cellular energy
TERM 85
T/F: prokaryotes are absent in the
mitochondria
DEFINITION 85
true
T/F Eukaryotes have a flagella membrane?
true (enveloped flagella)
TERM 92
T/F: flagella are smaller than cilia?
DEFINITION 92
False- cilia is smaller and more numerous
TERM 93
Cell wall is made up of?
DEFINITION 93
peptidoglycan=complex carb
TERM 94
When talking about the cell wall, fungi =?
DEFINITION 94
chitin
TERM 95
When talking about the cell wall, Algae =?
DEFINITION 95
Cellulose
T/F: bacteria is among the most abundant
organisms on earth?
True
TERM 97
Rickettsiae
DEFINITION 97
tiny nonmotile bacteria-cause several human diseases
(Rocky Mtn spotted fever, Trench fever, ect)
TERM 98
Rickettsiae is transmitted by
DEFINITION 98
ticks and lice cultivated only in living tissues
TERM 99
Chlamydiae
DEFINITION 99
smaller than rickettsiae. -causes STD's (ex. NGU and PIP)
TERM 100
Mycoplasmas
DEFINITION 100
smallest bacteria-naked (without a cell wall)-causes a type of
pneumonia
