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What is a Cell?
The fundamental units of life -a small membran-bound unit - contain an aqueous solution of chemicals -all cells are able to copy themselves -able to make up multicellular organisms (like humans) TERM 2
Appearance of cells
DEFINITION 2 Their size is several um to 1 mm in lenth -that is a 1000x difference TERM 3
Plant cells
DEFINITION 3 are more block like TERM 4
Nerve cells
DEFINITION 4 are highly branched (like a root) TERM 5
Cells are capable of (5 things)
DEFINITION 5 ~Growing ~Reproducing ~converting engergy ~Respond to thee environment ~have genetic instructions that is stored in DNA
Central Dogma
The Flow of genetic information. TERM 7
Robert Hooke (1665)
DEFINITION 7 Light Microscope; Cell Discovery The first to be given credit to observe and name cells with work. the cork looked like cells of of sleeping quarters in monastaries. So therefore he named them "cells" TERM 8
Anton Van Leevwenhock
DEFINITION 8 First given credit to observe living cells often called the "father" of microbiology -saw single cell living organisms -----
named them animalcules (haha) TERM 9
Cell Theory
DEFINITION 9 Early studies of cells were conducted by two men *Mathais Schleiden (1838)- studied plant tissue *Theodor Schwann (1839)- studied animal tissue -all in all found that all tissues are composed/made up of cells. TERM 10
3 things of Cell
Theory
DEFINITION 10 1.) All organisms are made of cells. 2.) Cells are the smallest living thing. 3.) All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
eubacteria
inhabit many places including soil and the human colon TERM 17
Eukaryotic Cells
DEFINITION 17 -Tend to be larger -More complex -have membrane-bound organalles (including nucleus) -can be single-celled; such as = protozoa and yeast or multicellular; such as = plants, animals, and fungi TERM 18
Organalles
DEFINITION 18 Cellular compartments TERM 19
Cytoplasm
DEFINITION 19 contains cytosol (liquid part of cell) and anything thats not in nucleus TERM 20
Nucleus
DEFINITION 20 Double membraned (has double coverage) and is the organalle that houses DNA.
Mitochondria
-Power house of the cell -energy made here -also has a double membrane -inner membrane has lots of folds- which increases surface area for oxidative phospotyl (where ATP is produced) -have their own DNA apart for the cell itself TERM 22
ATP
DEFINITION 22 ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE -the primary energy currency in the cell TERM 23
Chloroplasts
DEFINITION 23 -Plant form of Mitochondria -job is to capture energy from the sun and make sugar *plants are autotrophic as in they make their own food TERM 24
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
DEFINITION 24 -CONTINUOUS WITH OUTER NUCLEAR ENVOLOPE (MEMBRANE) -ROUGH ER ~COASTED WITH RIBOSOMES AND IS IMPORTANT FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS -SMOOTH ER ~SITE OF LIPID SYNTHESIS TERM 25
GOLGI APPARATUS
DEFINITION 25 RECIEVES AND/OR MODIFIES PROTEINS FROM ER AND SENDS THEM TO OTHER PARTS OF THE CELL.
