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Cell Biology: Understanding the Fundamentals of Life, Quizzes of Cell Biology

Definitions and key terms related to cell biology, including the concept of cell theory, different types of cells such as bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, the structure and functions of various organelles like the plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, and more. It also covers the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the functions of macromolecules, and the role of energy in cells.

Typology: Quizzes

2013/2014

Uploaded on 09/12/2014

candace-karnish
candace-karnish 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
Cell Theory
DEFINITION 1
one of the unifying themes in biology
The fundamental unit of life is the cell
All living organisms are composed of cells
All cells come from other cells
TERM 2
Bacteria
DEFINITION 2
prokaryotes
circular DNA
no nucleus
TERM 3
Archea
DEFINITION 3
Share characteristics of prokaryotes but have different
biochemistry
TERM 4
Eucarya
DEFINITION 4
Eurkaryotes
nucleus
TERM 5
Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic
DEFINITION 5
Eukaryotes
increased complexity
Membrane-bound cytoplasmic compartments
Membrane-bound nucleus
Cytoskeleton
DNA wrapped around histone proteins
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Cell Theory

one of the unifying themes in biology The fundamental unit of life is the cell All living organisms are composed of cells All cells come from other cells TERM 2

Bacteria

DEFINITION 2 prokaryotes circular DNA no nucleus TERM 3

Archea

DEFINITION 3 Share characteristics of prokaryotes but have different biochemistry TERM 4

Eucarya

DEFINITION 4 Eurkaryotes nucleus TERM 5

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic

DEFINITION 5 Eukaryotes increased complexity Membrane-bound cytoplasmic compartments Membrane-bound nucleus Cytoskeleton DNA wrapped around histone proteins

The Plasma Membrane: Macromolecules

Phospholipids Proteins Glycolipids Glycoproteins TERM 7

The Plasma Membrane: Functions

DEFINITION 7 selective barrier perception, communication, respond to environment ability to take in nutrients ability to release wastes regulate water intake/output TERM 8

The Nucleus

DEFINITION 8 Double membrane-bound( envelope) pores to cytoplasm, regulated traffic contains the chromosomes nucleolus-no membrane, creates ribosomes TERM 9

Mitochondria

DEFINITION 9 Similar to bacterial cells double-membrane contain circular DNA model main function is to generate large amounts of ATP Tricarboxylic acid cycle ATP synthesis Lipid oxidation TERM 10

Ribosomes

DEFINITION 10 Cytoplasmic ribo-protein structure contain RNA and protein Free or bound to endoplasmic-reticulum Ribozymes-nano-machines: polymerize amino acids to polypetides Not Membrane-bound Smaller than organelles

Vesicular Trafficking

Membrane-bound vessicles travel between Rough ER and Golgi Movement is controlled - it is not diffusion Other vesicles leave the Golgi and fuse with the plasma membrane TERM 17

The Lysosome

DEFINITION 17 bound by a single membrane contain strong enzymes that degrade macromolecules created by rough ER, packaged in a vesicle TERM 18

Peroxisome

DEFINITION 18 bound by a single membrane all hydrogen peroxide creating reactions are carried out here contains catalase to degrade hydrogen peroxide oxidizes long chain fatty acids metabolizes alcohol TERM 19

Saturated Hydrocarbon

DEFINITION 19 Only single Carbon Carbon bonds TERM 20

Unsaturated Hydrocarbon

DEFINITION 20 Double or Triple Carbon Carbon Bond

Four classes of Macromolecules

Carbohydrates Proteins Fats Nucleic Acid TERM 22

Monomers

DEFINITION 22 monosaccharide amino acid nitrogenous base TERM 23

Carbohydrates

DEFINITION 23 Saccharides hydrates of a carbon have suffix -ose longer carbohydrates can switch between cyclic and non- cyclic TERM 24

Polysaccharides

DEFINITION 24 many monosaccharides bonded together by glycosidic bonds they differ only in type of glucose bod (alpha or beta) and linkage TERM 25

Starch-Plants

DEFINITION 25 The chains are formed by alpha 1,4 glycosidic bonds The branches are formed by alpha 1,6 glycosidic bonds

Phospholipids

Contains a phosphate in place of one of the fatty acids and alcohol TERM 32

Protein Functions

DEFINITION 32 structure catalysis movement transport hormones protection storage regulation TERM 33

Protein Support

DEFINITION 33 using collagen TERM 34

Protein Catalysis

DEFINITION 34 enzymes are proteins that change other molecules-- digestion TERM 35

Protein Movement

DEFINITION 35 The proteins actin and myosin the the muscle cell allows us movement

Protein Transpot

hemoglobin transports O transmembrane proteins transport molecules through the membrane TERM 37

Protein hormones

DEFINITION 37 Insulin TERM 38

Protein Protection

DEFINITION 38 antibodies fibrinogen (blood clotting) TERM 39

Protein Storage

DEFINITION 39 casein in milke--provided to offspring ovalbumin-protein stored in egg for development of offspring TERM 40

Protein Regulation

DEFINITION 40 transcription factors are proteins that turn genes on and off

DNA

double stranded very stable TERM 47

DNA-heredity

DEFINITION 47 the transfer of characteristics to a new generation chromosomes- complex molecules make up of DNA and histones TERM 48

Bioengernetics

DEFINITION 48 the study of various types of energy transformations that occur in living organisms In order to maintain itself a cell must acquire and expend energy TERM 49

Thermodynamics

DEFINITION 49 The study of changes of energy that accompany events in the universe Use it to predict direction events take, whether or not energy is needed to make them happen TERM 50

Potential Energy

DEFINITION 50 energy of an object by virtue of its position; stored energy

Kinetic Energy

energy of motion TERM 52

A system cell can:

DEFINITION 52 store energy lose or gain energy in the form of heat from the environment lose or gain energy by doing work or having work done on it