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Total points: 100 Student ID_____________________
Principles of Animal Physiology, Bio 225 Exam I-
Answer all questions on Scantron sheet. Write your name and student ID on Scantron.
Q1. John weighs 250 lbs and is overweight, which of the following is the predominant molecule in his body composition _________________?
a. Fat b. Water c. Carbohydrates d. Nucleic acids e. Proteins
Q2. Which of the following molecules contain nitrogen?
a. Carbohydrates b. Fats c. Proteins d. Nucleic acids e. c and d
Q3. In an organism, systems work in coordination to maintain ___________________.
a. homeostasis b. a condition of constancy c. a state of equilibrium d. a and b e. a and c
Q4. Your dinner time approaches, you smell food and you see dinner on the table. In response to these stimuli your gastric juices are released into the stomach even before you eat food. Which of the following regulatory mechanism is operative in this situation?
a. Positive feedback b. Negative feedback c. Feed forward regulation d. Acclimatization e. a and c
Q5. “Acclimatization is an adjustment to a change in environmental factors by developing new mechanisms/systems upon exposure to the new environment.”
a. True b. False
Total points: 100 Student ID_____________________
Q6. Heart muscle cells are connected to each other such that the cells are held together during heart contraction/relaxation and the cytoplasm of the cells is in direct communication. A gene mutation occurred in a colony of mice, due to this mutation one type of intercellular junction is absent in these mice. The mutation is fatal, as a result of this mutation the cells’ cytoplasm is not in direct communication with each other. Which of the following is absent in the mutants?
a. Desmosomes b. Tight junctions c. Gap junctions d. Na+^ channels e. All of the above
Q10. “Na+^ /K+^ -ATPase pump helps maintain inside environment of a cell negative and hypotonic relative to the surrounding extra cellular fluid.”
a. True b. False
Q11. In a U-tube two solutions are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water NaCl and urea. Arm “A” is ¾th^ full with a solution of 0.4 M urea and 0.8M NaCl. Arm “B” is half full with a solution of 0.8 M urea and 0.4M NaCl. Given these conditions in which arm would you observe the net flux (movement) of Urea?
a. Arm A b. Arm B c. The net flux will be zero – no movement
A B
0.4M Urea 0.8M Urea 0.8M NaCl 0.4M NaCl
Q12. Given the conditions described in Q11, in which arm would you observe the net flux (movement) of NaCl?
a. Arm A
Total points: 100 Student ID_____________________
a. is an ATPase enzyme that self phosphorylates when Na+^ to the transporter. b. is dephosphorylated while transporting K+^. c. transports Na+^ out of the cell. d. all of the above e. a and c
Q30. “Hormones are produced by ductless glands that secrete and release the hormone directly in blood.”
a. True b. False
Q32. Which of the following is not true for a hormone?
a. Hormones are produced in small quantities but their effects are large. b. A hormone may have diverse biological effects. c. Several hormones may affect the same biological function d. The effects of hormones are typically rapid and transient. e. Multiple hormones may use the same second messenger.
Q33. Which of the following is not true? Small hydrophobic hormones _____________.
a. Need a binding protein for transport in blood. b. Act through cytosolic receptors. c. Are produced by adrenal medulla. d. Are insoluble in aqueous medium. e. Could be amino acid derivatives or steroids.
Q34. Hormones that act through intracellular receptors produce their biological effects by ____________________.
a. regulating the transcription of the target genes. b. regulating the activity of receptors that are chemically-gated ion channels. c. regulating the activity of second messengers, such as Ca++^ and cAMP. d. modulating the activity of G-proteins. e. modulating phosphorylation of enzymes.
Q35. Hormone epinephrine may act through ____________________.
a. cAMP stimulation. b. cAMP inhibition. c. activation of phospholipase C Ca++^. d. all of the above. e. a and c.
Total points: 100 Student ID_____________________
Q36. Growth hormone (GH) regulates the secretion of specific hypothalamic hormones. GH ___________ growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH) and _____________ growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH).
a. stimulates………. stimulates b. inhibits ………. inhibits c. stimulates ………. inhibits d. inhibits ………. Stimulates
Q37. “Melatonin is involved in the regulation of our circadian rhythms.”
a. True b. False
Q38. Acromegaly is ____________ of __________ hormone during _______________.
a. Hyposecretion ………. GH ………. Adulthood b. Hypersecretion ………. GH ………. Adulthood c. Hyposecretion ………. GH ………. childhood d. Hyposecretion ………. Thyroid hormone ………. childhood e. Hypersecretion ………. Thyroid hormone ………. Adulthood
Q39. Proopiomelanocortin is a precursor of __________________________.
a. MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone, ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) and endorphin. b. Melatonin, CRH (Corticotrophin Releasing Hormone) and endorphin. c. Melatonin, ACTH and endorphin. d. MSH, CRH and endorphin. e. None of the above.
Q40. Hormone oxytocin, important for uterine contraction, is released from the posterior pituitary in response to ___________________________.
a. Hypothalamic stimulation b. Neural stimulation c. Paracrine stimulation d. Hemocrine stimulation e. Autocrine regulation
Q41. Growth hormone – an anterior pituitary hormone - produces its indirect effect on bone growth through IGF-1 produced from the liver. Growth hormone stimulates IGF- through __________________ mechanism.
a. Neural b. Autocrine.
Total points: 100 Student ID_____________________
e. Ectoderm ………. Mesoderm
Q47. The adrenal cortical hormone __________ is involved in _________stress response while adrenal medullary hormone __________ is involved in __________ stress response.
a. Epinephrine ….….. immediate ……… Glucocorticoid ……… Long term b. Glucocorticoid ……... Long term ……... Epinephrine ……… immediate c. Epinephrine ……… Long term ……… Glucocorticoid ……… immediate d. Glucocorticoid ……… immediate ……… Epinephrine ……… Long term
Q48. Which of the following is not true for insulin?
a. Insulin is a hypoglycemic hormone. b. Increasing blood glucose levels stimulate insulin release from pancreas. c. Insulin stimulates glucose uptake by muscle cells by inserting glucose channels in the plasma membrane. d. Insulin stimulates secondary active transport of glucose in kidney cells. e. Insulin stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen.
Q49. Which of the following hormone is essential for normal brain differentiation and development?
a. Parathyroid hormone b. Prolactin c. Growth hormone d. Thyroid hormone e. Melatonin
Q50. Which of the following is true for Type II (Insulin Independent Diabetes)?
a. Glucose is readily mobilized into muscle and liver cells. b. Glycogen breakdown is stimulated. c. Insulin receptors are non-responsive to insulin stimulation. d. Insulin producing β-cells are destroyed. e. Blood glucose levels are below normal.
Q1. Which of the following is not true for the Sertoli cells? Sertoli cells _________.
a. Are involved in the positive feedback on the pituitary FSH secretion. b. Produce hormone inhibin. c. Produce androgen binding protein. d. Stimulate spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis. e. None of the above.
Total points: 100 Student ID_____________________
Q2. The developing spermatozoa contain sperm-specific proteins that may be attacked and destroyed if detected by the immune system. The recognition of these proteins by the immune system is prevented by ___________________.
a. The androgen binding proteins (ABP) in the seminiferous tubules. b. The Sertoli cells that function as nurse cells. c. The basal lamina of the seminiferous tubule. d. The secretions of the seminal vesicles. e. Androgens.
Q3. The primary source for metabolic energy for a spermatozoon is ____________.
a. Glucose b. Glycogen c. Lactic acid d. Fructose e. All of the above
Q4. Spermiogenesis is ________________.
a. The second meiotic division that results in four haploid spermatids. b. Differentiation of spermatids into spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules. c. The process of functional maturation of spermatozoa in the vas deferens. d. The recycling process of damaged spermatozoa in epidydimis. e. Differentiation of spermatogonia into spermatids in the seminiferous tubules.
Q5. Which of the following is not true for androgens?
a. Androgens are important for early brain differentiation. b. Androgens are anabolic hormones and promote protein synthesis. c. Androgens stimulate spermatogenesis through their action on the Sertoli cells. d. Androgens act through nuclear receptors. e. None of the above. Q6. A human female baby is born with a large number of primary oocytes that are arrested in the ________________________.
a. prophase of the first meiotic division. b. metaphase of the first meiotic division. c. prophase of the second meiotic division. d. metaphase of the second meiotic division. e. Metaphase of the mitotic division.
Q7. Both estrogen (E 2 ) and progesterone (P) have a negative feedback effect on pituitary LH secretion except during _______________________.
a. mid luteal phase when P has a positive feed back effect on LH.
