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Ethics and Etiquette in Scientific Research - Introduction to Computer Science - Lecture Slides, Slides of Computer Science

Ethics and Etiquette in Scientific Research, Rules of Conduct, Avoid Improprieties, Persons in Authority, Use of Animals, Moral Debates, Professional Issues, Use of Human Subjects in Research, Avoiding Ethical Dilemmas, Rights and Responsibilities are the important points of lecture slides of Introduction to Computer Science.

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2012/2013

Uploaded on 01/02/2013

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Ethics and Etiquette in Scientific Research
Rules of conduct for persons in authority
How to avoid improprieties
How to tell if you're being screwed
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Ethics and Etiquette in Scientific Research

  •  Rules of conduct for persons in authority
  •  How to avoid improprieties
  •  How to tell if you're being screwed

Research Ethics Covers

Many Areas

 Use of human subjects in research

− Informed consent, IRB oversight

 Use of animals in research

− Appropriate care/use, IACUC oversight

 Moral debates

− Stem cell research, impact of technology (nuclear weapons, genetic screening), etc.

 Professional issues (today's topic)

− Authorship, IP rights, confidentiality, etc.

Avoiding Ethical Dilemmas

    1. Learn to recognize the most common ethical

mistakes. − Misappropriation of text or ideas. − Deceptive reporting of research results. − Breach of confidentiality.

    1. Take steps now to avoid conflicts in your

research group. − Or resolve them quickly with minimal discomfort.

    1. Learn from others' mistakes.

Ethics Education

 Scientific integrity training is now required

in many areas of the sciences.

 NIH and NSF training grants require it.

 Ethics training is a standard part of medical

school and business school curricula.

− But not computer science?

Resources (cont.)

 CMU's Center for the Advancement of Applied Ethics and Political Philosophy

− Peter Madsen offers several ethics courses

 Many ethics education programs use case studies to foster discussion.

 Lots of good material on the web, e.g., http://bioethics.od.nih.gov http://onlineethics.org

Official Policies

 CMU Faculty and Student Handbooks contain policies on: − Plagiarism − Conflict of interest − Use of human subjects in research − Handling of allegations of misconduct in research − Ownership of intellectual property − Privacy of computer accounts − Sexual harassment

 http://www.cmu.edu/policies

Issue #1: Allocation of Credit

 Two forms of credit in a paper:

− Co-authorship − Acknowledgments

 Who gets listed as a co-author?

− Lab director is co-author on all papers?

− Student “owes” his advisor co-authorship on at least one journal paper?

Ordering of Authors

 How is the ordering of authors determined

in your field?

 First and last usually the key positions.

 Different disciplines/cultures follow

different conventions.

Co-Authorship in

Computer Science

 Generally: authors ordered by the amount of their contribution. − But in the Theory community, author list is sometimes alphabetical.

 Contributions may include:

− Providing key ideas − Doing the implementation − Running experiments / collecting data − Analyzing the data − Writing up the results

Co-Authorship in CS

 No special honor to be last author?

 No general consensus on lab directors getting co-authorship.

 Papers typically have 1-4 authors.

− Rarely see large author lists as in physics.

 But many computer scientists do interdisciplinary work: HCI, computational neurosci. Culture clash?

Acknowledge People Who...

− Contribute a good idea or coin a useful term

− Provide pointers to papers for the bibliography

− Help with debugging some tricky code

− Help with typesetting or illustrations

− Provide significant resources, e.g., loan of equipment, tissue samples, etc.

  • Also acknowledge your funding agency!

Ask Your Advisor:

    1. What are the authorship conventions in our field?
    1. What are the authorship conventions in your lab?
    1. Are students prohibited from submitting papers (even if sole-authored) without your approval?
    1. Who owns the code/data/manuscript?
  • See CMU policy on intellectual property.
  • Some CMU cases: Godspell, SCRIBE

Issue #2: Misappropriating Text

 Borrowing “just a sentence or two” without

attribution is plagiarism.

 But plagiarism is easily avoided: give the

citation.

Misappropriation Example

  • Smith:
  • The parrot is a remarkable bird in many

respects. In terms of intelligence, humor,

and manual dexterity, it is unequalled in the

avian kingdom.