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A comprehensive set of questions and answers for the esci 11040 final exam. It covers various topics related to atomic structure, mineral composition, and earthquake phenomena. Designed to help students prepare for the exam by providing a thorough understanding of key concepts and principles.
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Most of the mass in an atom is in the electrons. True or False? False The shell of an atom contains which of the following? a. protons and electrons b. neutrons and electrons c. protons and neutrons d. electrons electrons An atom that has gained an electron is a/an... a. element b. + ion c. - ion
d. molecule
a. covalent b. ionic c. shell sharing d. gravitational ionic The bonding between silica and oxygen atoms is so strong that it is considered covalent. What does that mean? a. the atoms share electrons b. the atoms exchange electrons c. the electron shells never touch each other d. the atoms share protons the atoms share electrons The most common elements in earth's crust (Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Si, O) all have one thing in common except for oxygen. What is unique about oxygen? a. it is bigger than all the other atoms b. it has the largest number of electrons
c. oxygen ions have a negative charge d. oxygen is very chemically active oxygen ions have a negative charge which of the following is a mineral? a. oil b. sea shells c. glass d. diamonds diamonds which one is not considered a criteria to be a mineral? a. defined chemical composition with some variations b. can occur in nature as either a solid or liquid c. are not man-made, occurs in nature d. must be inorganic, not from anything living can occur in nature as either a solid or liquid
all the elements on the left-hand side of the periodic table tend to react the same way, one reason for this is that they all form negative ions. true or false? false what is the charge of a silicon ion? a. neg 3 b. pos 2 c. pos 4 d. neg 4 pos 4 how many oxygens atoms surround the basic silicon atom? a. 4 b. 2 c. 6 d. 3
what is the charge imbalance on a typical silicon tetrahedron? a. neg 2 b. neg 4 c. pos 3 d. pos 4 neg 4 why is the charge imbalance from the question "what is the charge imbalance on a typical silicon tetrahedron?" important? a. the tetrahedron brings other negatively charged ions b. it causes the minerals to all break along the same lines c. the tetrahedron brings other positively charged ions d. all of these the tetrahedron brings other positively charged ions
b. the minerals have sulfur atoms combined with a metal ion c. most of these minerals form in hydrothermal veins d. all of the above sulfate minerals are composed of Na. ca, and K with sulfur/oxygen traditional salt (such as table salt) is considered a halide. true or false? true which mineral group is associated with iron atoms attached to an oxygen atoms? a. sulfides b. fluorites c. oxides d. ironites oxides
some of the common minerals found in ohio include: a. halite b. calcite c. fluorite d. all of these all of these which gemstone forms from varied sizes of microscopic beads of silica that reflect light like a prism? a. peridot b. aquamarine c. smokey quartz d. opals opals where is the world's greatest ore deposit found? a. north africa
which ore deposit would you not expect to find in a hydrothermal vein? a. gold b. fluorite c. lead d. zinc fluorite the process where extremely heavy minerals sink to the bottom of a magma chamber is called... a. heavy metal segregation b. pegmatitie deposits c. divergent seperation d. mineral settling mineral settling which locality would be the best to try to find some high-quality gemstone crystals of olivine, aquamarine, emeralds, rubies or sapphires?
a. divergent boundaries b. convergent boundaries c. pegmatite deposits d. mineral settling pegmatite deposits The sulfur rich gasses associated with disseminated ore deposits are believed to have originated at... a. divergent boundaries b. convergent boundaries c. hydrothermal veins d. lower mantle areas divergent boundaries Many of the ore deposits in the western US are thought to have formed by subduction of an oceanic crust melting under the US continental crust. true or false? true
If you were working for an exploration company where would you look to find ore deposits with high melting points? a. where the tectonic plates first meet b. under the ocean crust c. farther inland / deeper in the subduction zone d. at the top of a magma chamber farther inland / deeper in the subduction zone Ohio has virtually no meaningful metallic ore deposits because... a. the ores have too much sulfur and are too expensive to process b. there's no igneous or metamorphic rocks near the surface in ohio c. ohio has iron ore deposits but the ones in minnesota are higher quality d. to some degree, all of the above there's no igneous or metamorphic rocks near the surface in ohio Uranium, bauxite (Al) and copper ores may develop through this type of enrichment process
a. heavy metal segregation b. pegmatite deposits c. divergent separation d. weathering enrichment weathering enrichment Which one listed below would be considered a "non-metallic" ore resource? a. phosphates b. sand and gravel c. nitrates d. all of these all of these What was the estimated magnitude of the San Francisco earthquake? a. 1924 b. 1900 c. 1906
The all the damage was caused by the earthquake itself. true or false? false Sometimes a series of smaller earthquakes will occur before a main / major earthquake, these smaller earthquakes are called... a. pre-shocks b. proto-quakes c. foreshocks d. secondary quakes foreshocks The location underground where the earthquake originates is typically called the... a. hypocenter b. depth center
c. focal point d. origin point hypocenter Which type of waves move across the ground in a "left-right" motion similar to shaking a rope on a tabletop? a. primary b. secondary c. love d. rayleigh love These types of earthquake waves are the fastest moving waves and can travel throughout all parts of earth's interior. a. secondary b. primary c. shear d. love
