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A comprehensive set of questions and answers for the epa lead inspector exam, covering key topics such as lead exposure routes, allowable lead levels in various mediums (blood, paint, soil, water), and relevant regulations. it's a valuable resource for those preparing for the exam, offering detailed explanations and insights into lead hazard control and risk assessment. The questions cover acute and chronic lead poisoning, chelation therapy, and historical context of lead regulations.
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What are the three systems where the effects of lead are most dangerous? ANS:->>>
**1. the central and peripheral nervous systems
What do lead based paint inspections focus on? ANS:->>>they focus attention on the sources of lead that could poison children and reduce the cost of lead hazard control by identifying which surfaces are coated with lead-based paint. What happens once lead enters the body? ANS:->>>once in the body, lead is distributed by the bloodstream to red blood cells, soft tissue, and bone. Lead is eliminated very slowly from the body by the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract; very very tiny amounts of lead are lost through perspiration What is acute lead poisoning? ANS:->>> Acute exposure to lead generally means exposure for a short time, but at high levels. Some symptoms may include abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, damage to the brain and central nervous system, fatigue, irritability, weakness, and muscle pain. What is chronic lead poisoning? ANS:->>>Chronic lead exposure generally means exposure to low to moderate levels of lead over a long period of time. Symptoms include: impaired blood formation, high blood pressure, changes in the nervous system, drooping hand/foot, reproductive complications, damage to developing fetus. what is chelation? ANS:->>>Chelation is the process by which lead is removed from a person's body by the use of medication. Chelating agents irreversibly bind the lead circulating in the bloodstream so that the lead is excreted through the person's urinary system or liver and gastrointestinal tract. Chelation is used ONLY in cases of high levels of blood lead under the care of a medical specialist since there are serious side effects.
2. zero-bedroom units 3. short-term rentals 4. housing specifically for elderly or handicapped What is the definition of "lead-based paint free"? ANS:->>>For the purpose of this rule, EPA and HUD have defined lead based paint free housing as target housing that has been found to be free of paint or other surface coating that contain lead equal to or in excess of 1.0 mg/cm^2 or 0.5% percent by weight Child-occupied facilities are defined as... – answer>>a building or portion of a building, constructed prior to 1978, visited by the same child, 6 years of age or younger, on at LEAST 2 different days within any week, provided that each days visit last at LEAST 3 hours, the combined weekly visits last at least 6 hours, and the combined annual visits last at least 60 hours. Ex. day-care center, housing, pre-school, kindergarten classroom What is a PEL? ANS:->>>A PEL is the maximum exposure limit to a contaminant. THE pel under OSHA is 50 μg/m^ What is the standard regulating lead exposure in the construction industry? ANS:->>>The interim lead In construction Standard formed in 1993. Under this standard, regulating occupational exposure to inorganic lead in the construction industry, the PEL is 50 μg/m^3 as an 8-hour time weighted average (TWA). The standard requires monitoring the lead level in the workers blood for workers exposed to airborne lead at or above the action level of 30 μg/m^3 (8-hour TWA) and specifies medical removal of workers whose average blood lead level based on 2 consecutive tests in 50 μg Inspectors may need to wear respirators in an effort to further minimize their exposure to lead dust. Selection of the appropriate Level of respiratory protection should include... ANS:-
1. identification of the hazards
**2. evaluation of the hazard
An inspector must be able to... ANS:->>>- be knowledgeable about the performance & limitations of all lead testing technique and methods
contaminated dust and soil
What is Title X? ANS:->>>the residential lead-based paint HAzard reduction Act ( Title X) of the community and housing Act of 1992 shifted the focus of federal legislation from acting only on existing lead-based paint hazards to preventing new hazards from occurring What is lead based paint? ANS:->>>Paint, varnish, shellac, or other coating on surfaces that contain 1.0 mg/cm² or more of lead or 0.5% by weight What are Lead-based paint hazards? ANS:->>>any condition that causes exposure to lead contaminated dust, lead contaminated soil, or lead-contaminated paint that is deteriorated or present in accessible surfaces, friction surfaces, or impact surfaces that would result in adverse human health effects as identified by the EPA administrator under TSCA Section 403 What is Deteriorated paint? ANS:->>>any interior or exterior paint that is peeling, chipping, chalking, or cracking, or is located on an interior/exterior surface or fixture that is damaged. What is an accessible surface? ANS:->>>Surface that protrudes from the surrounding area to the extent that a child can chew the surface and is within 3 feet of the floor or ground (Window sills, railing, stair tread) what is a friction surface? ANS:->>>an interior/exterior surface that is subject toabrasion/friction (windows, floor, staircases) what is an impact surface? ANS:->>>an interior/exterior surface that is subject to damage from repeated impacts (parts of door frames) What is the primary purpose of HUD Guidelines? ANS:->>>The guidelines purpose is to guide people involved in identifying and controlling lead-based paint hazards in housing.
What is the most common route of lead exposure in the children? ANS:->>>the more common route of exposure is by ingesting lead-bearing dust that is formed by the paint when it deteriorates, chalks, or is disturbed through renovation or even abrasion from the opening and closing of windows and other friction and impact surfaces. Lead in surface dust and soil of all types can come from... ANS:->>>- weathering and chipping of lead-based paint
What ares some sources of lead exposure in the air? ANS:->>>Lead gasoline, smelters, battery factories, combustion of oil, coal, waste, municipal waste, windblown dust. Even activities such as abrasive blasting, sanding, burning, or welding on steel structures coated with lead- containing paints may produce very high concentrations of lead dust and fumes. What are some ways in which food is contaminated with lead? ANS:->>>1. from containers with lead solder, lead glaze, or other materials with lead, especially if contents are acidic in nature
adults who work in certain industries, such as smelting, auto body repair shops, painting shops, scrap metal works, electrical work, demolition, and construction can be at risk to lead poisoning. What is room equivalent? ANS:->>>it is any place with a natural break in paint history (for example - a living room and dining room should be tested separately since it is likely they do not have the same paint history What is a testing combination? ANS:->>>it is a component in the same room equivalent with the same substrate, meaning these results can be replicated (for ex. Bedroom 01 baseboard on wall 1 may be tested and these results can be used for baseboards on walls 2, 3, 4 without testing them individually) Households that have lead levels above 15 ppb in 1 liter sample should take the following steps to limit lead exposure: ANS:->>>1. running tap water for 30-60 seconds before use
What form of radiation is x-rays and gamma rays? ANS:->>>Gamma and x-rays are forms of ionizing radiation. Radiation that has enough energy to eject electrons from electrically neutral atoms, leaving behind charged atoms or ions, is known as ionizing radiation. The result of ionization is the production of negatively charged free electrons and positively charged ionized atoms. Why are ionized atoms dangerous? ANS:->>>All types of ionizing radiation can remove electrons, ionized atoms, regardless of how they were formed, are much more active chemically than neutral atoms. These chemically active ions can form compounds that interfere with the process of cell division and metabolism. Also, reactive ions can cause a cascade of chemical changes in the tissue and lead to different cancers. What is ionized radiation exposure measured in? ANS:->>>The quantity of ionizing radiation exposure is measured in roentgens. The units of dosage are measured in roentgen equivalent man (rem) or one-one thousandths of a rem ( mrem or millirem) The higher the dosage the greater the potential for adverse health effects. What does ALARA stand for? ANS:->>>As Low As Reasonably Achievable. This is the principle of radiation safety. Exposure to radiation is affected by three important factors: ANS:->>>1. Time
Which program does the lab have to be recognized by in order to analyze paint chip samples? ANS:->>>NLLAP National lead Laboratories Accreditation Program Research conducted by the national institute of standards and technology (NIST) and HUD demonstrates that all XRF instruments exhibit substrate biases that depend upon... ANS:->>>1. the instrument used
Which state requires the least amount of effort to obtain a "permit" for operating and handling an XRF? ANS:->>>Certification state What is reciprocity? ANS:->>>Reciprocity is the ability to bring an XRF from one state into another without having to get another license. What is a general license? ANS:->>>A general license allows the user, such as, a lead inspection company, to take possession of the radioactive source under the manufactuers specific license, thereby eliminating the requirement for the inspector's company to obtain a license. What does " exclusive use" category apply to? ANS:->>>USDOT has an "exclusive use" category that would apply to most portable XRF analyzers. Exclusive use means that a single company or individual is responsible for transportation of the device and has control during the transportation. In order to insure an XRF is being transported safely the outside surface of the case must not exceed.. .? ANS:->>>2.0 mrem/hour (or, in standard international units, 0.020 millisieverts /hour mSv/h ) Failure to adhere to the statues and regulations applicable to lead-based paint inspections could result in a range of penalties or sanctions by governmental authorities against the inspector. These include the following: ANS:->>>1. fines
How would you define a lead-based paint inspection? ANS:->>>a surface-by-surface investigation to determine the presence of lead-based paint and the provision of a report explaining the results of the investigation. What is a room equivalent? ANS:->>>an identifiable part of a residence such as a room, house exterior, a foyer, staircase, hallway, playset, etc. What is a building component type? ANS:->>>items in the interior or exterior of housing onto which paint, stain, varnish, or shellack has been applied and that have a common substrate. Define substrate ANS:->>>the material underneath the paint. Many substrates exist, but the HUD guidelines recommend classifying into one of the 6 substrates: