Energy In Reactions
• Energy is released or
absorbed whenever
chemical bonds are
formed or broken.
• Because chemical
reactions involve
breaking and forming
of bonds, they involve
changes in energy.
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Enzymes & Catalysts: Role in Energy Transfer & Chemical Reactions, Slides of Chemistry
An overview of the relationship between energy and chemical reactions, focusing on the roles of catalysts and enzymes in speeding up reactions and lowering activation energies. It covers the concepts of substrates, enzyme-substrate complexes, and the factors affecting enzyme activity, including ph and temperature.
Typology: Slides
2012/2013
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Energy In Reactions
•^
Energy is released orabsorbed wheneverchemical bonds areformed or broken.
-^
Because chemicalreactions involvebreaking and formingof bonds, they involvechanges in energy.
Catalyst
•^
A catalyst is asubstance thatspeeds up the rate ofa chemical reaction.
-^
Catalyst work bylowering reaction’sactivation energy.
Enzymes
•^
Enzymes are proteins that act as biologicalcatalysts.
-^
Cells use enzymes to speed up chemicalreactions that take place in cells.
-^
Enzyme speed up reactions by lowering theactivation energies.
-^
Because a particular enzyme catalyzes only onereaction, there are thousands of differentenzymes in a cell catalyzing thousands ofdifferent chemical reactions
Note:
Enzymes
end in
aseCatal
ase
Amal
ase
All enzymes have an active site,where substrates are attracted to.
- Enzymes are used over and over again.
Substrate
•^
The substancechanged or actedupon by an enzyme isthe substrate.
Which one will fit?
The factors that affect enzyme
activity are
- pH• Temperature•^
Amount of substrate
Affects of temperature on an
enzyme
•^
If temp to high or tolow the enzyme willnot fit. No reactionwill occur.
pH
•^
All enzymes have anoptimum pH that theyfunction best at.
-^
If the pH is to low orto high the enzymewill work slowbecause the changein pH changes theshape of the enzymemaking it harder forthe substrate to fit in.
Analyze the graph at what ph does
Chymotrypsin function best?
What is the optimal temp for this
enzyme
Amount Of Substrate Present
-^
At low substrateconcentrations, collisionsbetween enzymes andsubstrate molecules arerare and reactions areslow.
-^
As the amount ofsubstrates increase sodoes the collisionsbetween enzymes andsubstrates.
-^
This continues until theenzymes are saturated.