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ENVST 2100 Exam One Study Guide, Exams of Human Geography

University of Connecticut (UConn) - Avery PointHuman Geography

A study guide for an exam in the envst 2100 course. It covers a wide range of topics related to environmental studies, including geography, population growth, environmental impact, collective action problems, and resource management. The study guide provides definitions, explanations, and key concepts that students would need to understand for the exam. The level of detail and the breadth of topics covered suggest that this document could be useful for university students taking an introductory environmental studies course, as it provides a comprehensive overview of the core concepts and theories in the field. The document could serve as a valuable resource for students to review and prepare for the exam, as it covers the essential information they would need to know.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 09/30/2024

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ENVST 2100 Exam One Study Guide
Latest Update
1. 4 subfields of Geography - ✔✔Human Geography; Environment-
Society Geography; Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Physical
Geography
2. 50 - ✔✔What percentage of the Utah's population lives in Salt Lake
County and Utah County combined?
3. a collective action problem - ✔✔David Carter used National Public
Radio, and the fact that the majority of listeners (i.e., 80-90%) do not
contribute any money to the radio station, as an example of....
4. an externality - ✔✔The type of market failure in which the costs or
benefits of an activity are not figured into the cost is known as
_______________.
5. Animal Liberation - - ✔✔Singer, eco, care for animals we're
responsible for them
6. Animal Liberation - ✔✔Named after Peter Singer's groundbreaking
1975 book, a radical social movement that aims to free all animals
from use by humans, whether those uses are for food, medical
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Download ENVST 2100 Exam One Study Guide and more Exams Human Geography in PDF only on Docsity!

ENVST 2100 Exam One Study Guide

Latest Update

  1. 4 subfields of Geography - ✔✔Human Geography; Environment- Society Geography; Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Physical Geography
  2. 50 - ✔✔What percentage of the Utah's population lives in Salt Lake County and Utah County combined?
  3. a collective action problem - ✔✔David Carter used National Public Radio, and the fact that the majority of listeners (i.e., 80-90%) do not contribute any money to the radio station, as an example of....
  4. an externality - ✔✔The type of market failure in which the costs or benefits of an activity are not figured into the cost is known as _______________.
  5. Animal Liberation - - ✔✔Singer, eco, care for animals we're responsible for them
  6. Animal Liberation - ✔✔Named after Peter Singer's groundbreaking 1975 book, a radical social movement that aims to free all animals from use by humans, whether those uses are for food, medical

testing, industry, personal adornment, entertainment, or anything else

  1. animal liberation - ✔✔The argument that every sentient being deserves to have their suffering minimized or eliminated can be attributed to _______.
  2. Anthropocene - ✔✔A metaphoric term sometimes applied to our current era, when people exert enormous influence on environments all around the Earth, but where control of these environments and their enormously complex ecologies is inevitably elusive
  3. Anthropocentric - ✔✔An ethical standpoint that views humans as the central factor in considerations of right and wrong action in and toward nature (compare to ecocentrism)
  4. are mediated by innovation - ✔✔The outcome of the wager between Ehlich and Simon suggested that the effects of population growth on the environment
  5. Birth - ✔✔A measure of natural growth in a population, typically expressed as the number of births per thousand population per year

I = PAT assumes that impacts are proportional, but some environmental systems show non-linear characteristics I = PAT does not provide support for decision making or recognize historical or contextual factors (such as beliefs, attitudes, or politics)

  1. Coase Theorem - ✔✔A thesis based in neoclassical economics, holding that externalities (e.g. pollution) can be most efficiently controlled through contracts and bargaining between parties, assuming the transaction costs of reaching a bargain are not excessive
  2. Collective Action Problems - ✔✔Happens when group interests and individual interests conflict Assumes humans are rational actors Benefits go to the individual Costs are shared by the group Free-riders gain benefits without any costs
  3. Commodification of Nature - ✔✔Turning nature into a commodity
  4. Common Property - ✔✔A good or resource (e.g. bandwidth, pasture, oceans) whose characteristics make it difficult to fully enclose and partition, making it possible for non-owners to enjoy resource benefits and owners to sustain costs from the actions of others, typically necessitating some form of creative institutional management
  1. Conservation - - ✔✔Pinchot, anthro, maintain sustainable use of nature
  2. Conservation - ✔✔The management of a resource or system to sustain its productivity over time, typically associated with scientific management of collective goods like fisheries or forests (compare to preservation)
  3. Death - ✔✔A measure of mortality in a population, typically expressed as the number of deaths per thousand population per year
  4. Demographic Transition Model (DTM) and its problems - ✔✔A model of population change that predicts a decline in population death rates associated with modernization, followed by a decline in birth rates resulting from industrialization and urbanization; this creates a sigmoidal curve where population growth increases rapidly for a period, then levels off - some problems are that there is mounting evidence from around the world demonstrates that population and resource transitions are far more diverse and have far more drivers and explanations than the DTM might suggest
  5. Describe the limits of Malthusian thinking - ✔✔Conversely, the Earth's resources provide the most definitive and powerful limit for human growth and expansion
  1. Ehrlich and Holdren (1974) and the I = PAT equation - ✔✔to determine the level of environmental impact (I) as a product of population (P), affluence (A), and technology (T):
  2. Environmental degradation, low labor standards, monopsony on nature banking - ✔✔The "cheaps" can result in the following ethical implications (check all that apply):
  3. Environmental Justice - ✔✔A principle, as well as a body of thought and research, stressing the need for equitable distribution of environmental goods (parks, clean air, healthful working conditions) and environmental bads (pollution, hazards, waste) between people, no matter their race, ethnicity, or gender. Conversely, environmental injustice describes a condition where unhealthful or dangerous conditions are disproportionately proximate to minority communities
  4. Environmental Kuznets Curve - ✔✔Based in the theory that income inequality will increase during economic development and decrease after reaching a state of overall affluence, this theory predicts that environmental impacts rise during development, only to fall after an economy matures
  5. Ethics - ✔✔The branch of philosophy dealing with morality, or, questions of right and wrong human action in the world
  1. Euphrates river - ✔✔Which of the following rivers has NOT already been granted legal personhood?
  2. Externality - ✔✔The spillover of a cost or benefit, as where industrial activity at a plant leads to pollution off-site that must be paid for by someone else
  3. Factory Farms - ✔✔Intensive animal-raising agricultural operations; factory farms attempt to maximize production by raising as many animals in as little space as possible, often resulting in significant air and water pollution
  4. False - ✔✔Dr. Patel supports a Malthusian argument on environment-society.
  5. Find out what water near you is threatened and be its advocate, restore your connection to water, call politicians to advocate for water's legal personhood - ✔✔What are some of the suggestions that Kelsey Leonard provides for what we can do for the water?
  6. Game Theory - ✔✔A form of applied mathematics used to model and predict people's behavior in strategic situations where people's choices are predicated on predicting the behavior of others
  1. greenwashing - ✔✔________________ is a marketing method used by producers to make their products appear to be environmentally friendly.
  2. Greenwashing - ✔✔The exaggerated or false marketing of a product, good, or service as environmentally friendly
  3. Holism - - ✔✔eco, we're all a part of nature, comes from ecology
  4. Holism - ✔✔__________ describes theories that suggest that the whole (e.g., the Earth) is greater than the sum of its parts
  5. Holism - ✔✔Any theory that holds that a whole system (e.g. an "ecosystem" or the Earth) is more than the sum of its parts
  6. Induced Intensification - ✔✔A thesis predicting that where agricultural populations grow, demands for food lead to technological innovations resulting in increased food production on the same amount of available land
  7. Institutions - ✔✔Rules and norms governing collective action, especially referring to rules governing common property environmental resources, like rivers, oceans, or the atmosphere
  1. Malthusian thinking and exponential growth; Thomas Malthus - ✔✔the capacity of population to grow is greater than the power of the Earth to provide resources. Exponential growth of the human population Resources can be increased only arithmetically at best Checks on population
  2. What does that mean for the poor according to Malthus? The poor are the worst and are all going to die
  3. Market Failure - ✔✔A situation or condition where the production or exchange of a good or service is not efficient; this refers to a range of perverse economic outcomes stemming from market problems like monopoly or uncontrolled externalities
  4. Market Response Model - ✔✔A model that predicts economic responses to scarcity of a resource will lead to increases in prices that will result either in decreased demand for that resource or increased supply, or both
  5. Monopoly - ✔✔A market condition where there is one seller for many buyers, leading to perverted and artificially inflated pricing of goods or services
  6. Monopsony - ✔✔A market condition where there is one buyer for many sellers, leading to perverted and artificially deflated pricing of goods or services
  1. People are self-interested making it nearly impossible to solve collective action problems - ✔✔Which of the following is NOT a solution to collective action problems, according to David Carter?
  2. Political Ecology - ✔✔An approach to environmental issues that unites issues of ecology with a broadly defined political economy perspective
  3. Preservation - - ✔✔Muir, eco with an anthro bend, leave it alone
  4. Preservation - ✔✔The management of a resource or environment for protection and preservation, typically for its own sake, as in wilderness preservation (compare to conservation)
  5. Prisoner's Dilemma - ✔✔An allegorical description of a game- theoretical situation in which multiple individuals making decisions in pursuit of their own interests tend to create collective outcomes that are non-optimal for everyone
  6. prisoner's dilemma - ✔✔An allegorical description of a situation in which multiple people make decisions in pursuit of their own self- interest that creates collective outcomes that are non-optimal for everyone is called ________.
  1. private property - ✔✔According to Ostrom, which of the following is NOT a necessary component of successful commons management?
  2. privatization - ✔✔Of the following proposed solutions to problems related to the tragedy of the commons, Garrett Hardin would most likely support
  3. race / indigenous people - ✔✔Kelsey Leonard highlights a recent study by Dig Deep, which found that ___ is the strongest predictor of water and sanitation access and that _____ are most likely to have access issues when it comes to water and sanitation
  4. Reconciliation Ecology - ✔✔A science of imagining, creating, and sustaining habitats, productive environments, and biodiversity in places used, traveled, and inhabited by human beings
  5. res communes - ✔✔Common property that is owned by a group and is not open to the entire world is called (in Latin) ______.
  6. Rewilding - ✔✔A practice of conservation where ecological functions and evolutionary processes, which are thought to have existed in past ecosystems or before human influence, are deliberately restored or created; rewilding often requires the reintroduction or restoration of large predators to ecosystems

beehive shape) - ✔✔Harris' projected population pyramid for the State of Utah in 2065 shows

  1. The Coase Theorem - ✔✔states that optimal distribution of all goods will occur as long as property rights are clearly defined.
  2. The commons - ✔✔common resources available to everyone ex. Water, atmosphere
  3. the dominion thesis - ✔✔_______ is the philosophical view that humans are separate from and superior to nature
  4. The Population Bomb Book by Paul R. Ehrlich - ✔✔a scare tactic to get people to care about the rapidly growing population
  5. the prisoner's dilemma - ✔✔_______ is the theoretical metaphor for a situation in which a particular action would result in an optimal solution for all, but individual incentive to act selfishly will result in a worse situation for everyone.
  6. These are goods that are not excludable and people can benefit from them without contributing. - ✔✔What are open-access goods, as described by David Carter?
  1. they exclude participation of future generations - ✔✔Which of the following statements about market-based solutions is true?
  2. Tragedy of the commons and Garrett Hardin - ✔✔In his article "The Tragedy of the Commons," published in Science in 1968 (where von Neumann is prominently cited), he directed this logic to the problem of overpopulation. He argued that while the advantages for any individual or family of reproducing freely are immediate, their costs are diffused across the planet, increasing incrementally the burden of humanity upon the Earth.
  3. treat water as a living relation and grant it the legal personhood it deserves - ✔✔What does Kelsey Leonard see as the most important solution to water injustices?
  4. True - ✔✔According to Raj Patel, sexism is associated with the enclosure of the commons and thus ploughs are associated with sexism.
  5. Utah has the highest fertility rates of all the states in the US - ✔✔Which of the following is NOT true, based on recent demographic data?
  6. Utilitarian - - ✔✔Locke, anthro, use nature for its value