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Environmental Studies 1402 - CH. 25
Main Exam Latest with 100% Correct
Answers.
The first ________________ Day was celebrated in 1970s, and marks the start of the environmental movement in full force in response to dramatic, public disasters such as the Cuyahoga River burning. -
Correct Ans : Earth
Match the group of people with the way they can best contribute to
environmental stewardship. - Correct Ans : Farmers - Change practices to conserve soil and water
Loggers - Maintain the ecological integrity
Consumers - Purchase only things that are needed
Environmental scientists - Develop bioremediation techniques to restore contaminated streams
Politicians - Initiate or support environmental policies
Teachers - Help children develop a sense of wonder about nature
In 1990, Congress recognized the importance of environmental understanding by all citizens by passing the ______ with the goals of improving environmental literacy among the general public, and encouraging college students to pursue environmental careers. -
Correct Ans : National Environmental Education Act (NEEA)
A person who is environmentally literate ________. - Correct Ans : has the knowledge of the principles of ecology and routinely includes the environment as one of the considerations in work and daily living
Citizen science is ______. - Correct Ans : scientific research conducted by amateur scientists who contribute to scientific knowledge by gathering and providing data to researchers
The first Earth Day was celebrated in ______ marking the birth of a
new era in environmental protection. - Correct Ans : 1970
The Audubon Christmas Bird Count and the Earthwatch projects are
good examples of ______. - Correct Ans : - community-based research
- organized citizen-science projects
______, the sustainable use and protection of the natural environment, is the responsibility of everyone, as ecological, economical, and societal processes on earth are closely intertwined
in our daily lives. - Correct Ans : Environmental stewardship
________ are needed to develop government and industry policy,
laws, and regulations to protect the environment. - Correct Ans : Lawyers
Which of the following are examples of a citizen-science projects? -
Correct Ans : - Students from a high school team up with a state park biologist to study the park's bald eagle population.
- Farmers gather data on pasture and stream health on their property, which they share with their local agricultural extension agency.
Match the field of study to the way it can contribute to a career in
the environmental field. - Correct Ans : Engineering - People who are likely to develop technologies and products to clean up pollution and prevent its production in the first place.
Environmental education - People who are able to guide and prepare an environmentally literate population.
Economics - People who can evaluate the costs of pollution and resource depletion and develop solutions that are cost-effective.
Business - People who appreciate how products sold and services rendered affect our environment and who promote green consumerism.
Science - People who can understand the natural world and the effects of human activity on the environment.
Art - People who can raise awareness through creative expression about environmental issues.
Opportunities in environmentally associated careers such as engineering, ecology, hydrology, law, and business administration
are ______. - Correct Ans : all growing rapidly
In the long run, green business practices such as reducing waste, improving efficiency, and minimizing environmental impacts in the manufacturing process all save companies _____________________
True or false: The job outlook for environmental disciplines is good. -
Correct Ans : True
Conspicuous consumption is the ________. - Correct Ans : purchasing of things we do not want or need to impress others
True or false: "Affluenza" describes the acquisition of a sickness
brought on by hoarding too many items. - Correct Ans : False
Rank the diets based on their environmental impact, starting with
the diet that has the least environmental impact at the top. - Correct
Ans : 1. Vegetarian-based
- Farm-raise fish-based
- Red meat (beef)-based
Which of the following actions would result in a reduced
environmental impact? - Correct Ans : - Choosing to wear a sweater rather than turn up the heat
- Installing low-flow shower heads
A type of marketing spin which is used deceptively to promote the perception that a company's products or policies are
environmentally friendly is known as ______. - Correct Ans : greenwashing
Which of the following actions would increase environmental
impact? - Correct Ans : - Switching from a diet based on beans and tofu to one based on beef and lamb
- Driving to short-distance errands instead of walking or bicycling
When you purchase sustainably-produced products you are being
______. - Correct Ans : a green consumer
An evaluation of the materials and energy inputs and outputs at each stage of the manufacture, use, and disposal of a product is called
______. - Correct Ans : life-cycle analysis
How is using the term "nontoxic" on a product potentially
misleading? - Correct Ans : - There is no legal definition for the term, so it can have many meanings.
- The term does not specify how nontoxic the product is.
- The term does not specify to whom the product is nontoxic.
Which of the following are potentially greenwashing claims? -
Correct Ans : - Using the term "natural" in beauty-care products
- False or meaningless claims that exaggerate the environmental benefits of a product
- A claim that a plastic garbage bag is biodegradable
Which of the following are non-consumptive ways that a person can participate within their community and shape environmental policy?
- Correct Ans : - Running for a seat on your town's environmental commission
- Joining a civic organization that advocates and supports a local network of nature preserves
- Speaking at a local hearing regarding expanding the bike paths in your community
- Voting in local and national elections for candidates who support labeling genetically modified food
It is important to exercise your right to vote because ______. -
Correct Ans : freedom and democracy need tending, and it is every citizen's responsibility to be a part of this effort
How is using the term "organic" on a product potentially misleading?
- Correct Ans : - Cosmetic products that use the term "organic" may have no significance at all because they are not likely to have pesticide residues anyway.
- Some synthetic chemicals, especially those used in shampoos and skin care products, can be included under the umbrella term "organic."
Ducks Unlimited was started by hunters to protect ducks and their ______________ at a time when wetlands were being drained at an alarming rate. The _______________ Club was formed to protect
Yosemite Valley from development. - Correct Ans : habitat; Sierra
Leadership is important for environmental policy because ______. -
Correct Ans : - when people with a passion for environmental quality get into positions of leadership they can effect change
- leaders can organize citizen groups to lobby legislators to back environmental policies
The influence and respectability of major environmental groups such as the Audubon Society and Ducks Unlimited come about from their
______. - Correct Ans : long history
large memberships
professional staff
Large environmental organizations are criticized for ______, causing
them to move away from their grassroots. - Correct Ans : not being run by volunteers
Striving to do well in all your college classes is an assurance that
______. - Correct Ans : you are a better informed citizen
you will have needed skills in the future
The Nature ____________________ is a large professional group with assets of over $3 billion; they buy and preserve land of high
ecological value. - Correct Ans : Conservancy
Which of the following statements is true regarding the current influence of environmental groups in climate policy making? -
Correct Ans : A new grassroots movement has been successful in raising awareness about climate change, and may be effective in achieving climate-change policy.
Match the environmental organization with the original challenge it
was established to address. - Correct Ans : Audubon Society - To protect egrets and other birds that were being slaughtered for their plumes as hat decorations
Sierra Club - To protect the giant redwood trees and their habitats in California from logging
Ducks Unlimited - To protect ducks and their wetland habitats from being drained for conversion into farm fields during the Dust Bowl years
Wilderness Society - To protect open space for all citizens, not just the wealthy elite who could afford private retreats in the mountains
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are ______. - Correct Ans :
- important in mobilizing public interest for projects beyond what a local group could do
- vital in the struggle to protect areas of outstanding biological value
- important in offering financial support for projects beyond what a local group could do
True or false: In terms of climate-change policy in the United States, a diverse and passionate grassroots movement may prove to be successful in raising awareness and affecting policy change, where the large established environmental groups have failed to make
gains. - Correct Ans : True
Effective use of the ________________ can bring the necessary publicity to your environmental group's work or concerns. This includes writing letters to the editor, having celebrities support your position, and asking your local newspaper or radio station to do a
feature on your group. - Correct Ans : media
International ________________ give the financial and public backing to small, local groups with environmental concerns the
support they need. (Insert an acronym in the blank.) - Correct Ans : NGOs
What are some of the strategies environmental groups such as
Greenpeace use to accomplish their goals? - Correct Ans : - Bearing witness to environmental harm by confronting those who threaten specific resources
- Organizing protest marches to bring attention to particular environmental concerns
- Participating in civil disobedience by attending meetings at which they have no legal right to attend
True or false: Some NGOs such as Conservation International work behind the scenes rather than publicly to promote environmental
causes. - Correct Ans : True
The leading student environmental organizations in the United States, such as the Student Environmental Action Coalition (SEAC) and the network of Public Interest Research Groups, ______. -
Correct Ans : - engage in direct action by organizing confrontational protests of projects that are likely to cause environmental harm
- conduct environmental awareness efforts on campus, such as a recycling promotion
- are a training center for student leaders
Which of the following would not be among the strategies used to shape public opinion and mobilize support for environmental policy?
- Correct Ans : Allowing negative remarks made on TV or radio about the issue you support to go unchallenged, as it is best for every point of view to be voiced
Environmental leadership fits naturally with colleges and universities as they have the knowledge and experience in their ______ and
energy and creativity in their ______. - Correct Ans : faculty; students
The Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in ___________ _______________(AASHE) offers the resources that colleges and universities need to support their environmental causes
and concerns. - Correct Ans : Higher Education
What is the primary role of the Association for the Advancement of
Sustainability in Higher Education? - Correct Ans : To provide resources for colleges and universities
If you are walking across campus and come across a sign that says
"LEED certified", you are likely looking at a ______. - Correct Ans : building that meets specific environmental standards
Match the university or college with an action that demonstrates
their role as an environmental leader. - Correct Ans : Emory University - This campus has 11 buildings that are or will soon become LEED certified.
Carnegie Mellon University - Students designed a green roof, which they monitor for how it is reducing stormwater runoff, and energy use.
Carleton College -
This campus has its own wind turbines which generate 2/3 of their electrical needs.
Berea College - Student designed housing that generates its own electricity and uses a living machine to treat wastewater.
Fossil fuel ______________ refers to the strategy whereby individuals and organizations refuse to invest in the fossil fuel sector to take a stand against this industry's negative effect on climate change, and their unwillingness to acknowledge and address this
problem. - Correct Ans : divestment
As developing countries of the world become more affluent, they are
______. - Correct Ans : - purchasing more automobiles, which affects air quality, world fossil fuel supplies, and global climate
- adopting many of the wasteful and destructive lifestyle patterns of the richer countries
Which of the following are arguments made by those who oppose
fossil fuel divestment? - Correct Ans : - Many universities and colleges are financially unsteady and should not risk low returns by divesting from the profitable fossil fuel sector.
- Divestment disengages educational institutions from the fossil fuel industry when it is essential to stay engaged to influence corporate practice.
- Educational institutions' investments are tiny relative to the size of the fossil fuel industry, so divestment has minimal impact on them.
Which one of the following is not an example of how students on college and university campuses are engaging in "going green?" -
Correct Ans : Students are lobbying to shut down parts of their campuses that are not sustainable and return the land to its natural state by removing buildings.
The BBC poll of 22,000 residents of 21 countries found that ______. -
Correct Ans : there appears to be a dramatic worldwide shift in public attitudes toward environmental protection
Which of the following is not an example of developing countries adopting the unsustainable lifestyles of the more affluent countries?
Access to water, education, and sanitation increased and hunger, poverty, and child mortality drastically decreased, which were all part of the 2000 and 2015 Millennium ____________________
Goals. - Correct Ans : Development
The ______ evaluated and synthesized the consequences of ecosystem change for human well-being, and provided a scientific blueprint for how to conserve and use the world's ecosystems and
the services they provide. - Correct Ans : millennium assessment
Which three trends associated with the 2000 and 2015 Millennium
development goals occurred? - Correct Ans : - Child mortality decreased signficantly.
- Poverty dropped sharply.
- Hunger fell dramatically.
