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Determination of Solids Content in Water Samples: A Laboratory Report, Lab Reports of Environmental Engineering

Environmental Engineering Lab 5 report

Typology: Lab Reports

2019/2020

Available from 03/09/2022

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Erin Saul, Guihang Chen, Mariam Manukyan, Itay Ramirez 3/13/21
esaul@calstatela.edu (Lead Author) Group #2
Lab 5- Determination of solids content of water sample
Introduction/purpose:
For this lab experiment, our goal is to determine all the solid content of our water sample
which is surface water. However to figure out the solid content, we must find out the waterโ€™s
total solids (TSS), total suspended solids (TSS), fixed suspended solids (FSS), and their volatile
suspended solids (VSS). The importance of this lab is to make sure that we help keep our waters
clean. Having high amounts of solid content in water can eventually โ€œdecrease the passage of
light through water, thereby slowing photosynthesis by aquatic plantsโ€ (EPA). This process can
eventually then lower the temperatures of their environment killing many aquatic species. The
effect of total solids in water can affect the clarity of the water, potentially affecting aquatic life.
Results:
Task 1: Total solids determination
In this task, we will be measuring the weight of the dish. Then add 15 mL of surface water onto
the dish using a pipette. After adding 15 mL of surface water to the dish, put it into the oven and
heat it at 104 ยฑ1ยฐC. Once 10-15 minutes has passed, take the dish out of the oven and let it cool
down. After the dish has cooled down, measure the dish once again with the residue to find the
weight.
Weight 1-Dish (mg)
Weight 2- Dish+Residue (mg)
Volume of Sample (mL)
2589.8
2609.5
15
2.58976g = 2589.76=2589.8mg , 2.60948g =2609.48=2609.5mg,
ร—1000๐‘š๐‘”
1๐‘” ร—1000๐‘š๐‘”
1๐‘”
Total Solid Formula: ๐‘‡๐‘† ๐‘š๐‘”
๐ฟ
( )
=๐‘Š2โˆ’๐‘Š1
๐‘‰1
( )
*1000
๐‘‡๐‘† ๐‘š๐‘”
๐ฟ
( )
=2609.5โˆ’2589.8
15๐‘š๐ฟ
( )
*1000๐‘š๐ฟ
1๐ฟ =1313.33๐‘š๐‘”
๐ฟ
Total Solid= 1313.33 mg/L
Task 2: Determination of total, volatile, and fixed suspended solids (TSS, VSS, and FSS)
In this task, we begin by weighing the dish along with a glass fiber filter disc. We then place the
filter in the appropriate area for filtration and wet it with 0.1mL of DI water. We filter a
measured volume of sample and apply the vacuum to remove all trace amounts of water after the
sample has passed through. The graduated cylinder must be cleaned after this, with suction still
on for complete drainage. Once this is done, we remove the filter from the support and transfer it
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Erin Saul, Guihang Chen, Mariam Manukyan, Itay Ramirez 3/13/ esaul@calstatela.edu (Lead Author) Group # Lab 5- Determination of solids content of water sample Introduction/purpose: For this lab experiment, our goal is to determine all the solid content of our water sample which is surface water. However to figure out the solid content, we must find out the waterโ€™s total solids (TSS), total suspended solids (TSS), fixed suspended solids (FSS), and their volatile suspended solids (VSS). The importance of this lab is to make sure that we help keep our waters clean. Having high amounts of solid content in water can eventually โ€œdecrease the passage of light through water, thereby slowing photosynthesis by aquatic plantsโ€ (EPA). This process can eventually then lower the temperatures of their environment killing many aquatic species. The effect of total solids in water can affect the clarity of the water, potentially affecting aquatic life. Results: Task 1: Total solids determination In this task, we will be measuring the weight of the dish. Then add 15 mL of surface water onto the dish using a pipette. After adding 15 mL of surface water to the dish, put it into the oven and heat it at 104 ยฑ1ยฐC. Once 10-15 minutes has passed, take the dish out of the oven and let it cool down. After the dish has cooled down, measure the dish once again with the residue to find the weight. Weight 1-Dish (mg) Weight 2- Dish+Residue (mg) Volume of Sample (mL) 2589.8 2609.5 15 2.58976g ร— = 2589.76=2589.8mg , 2.60948g =2609.48=2609.5mg, 1000๐‘š๐‘” 1๐‘” ร—^ 1000๐‘š๐‘” 1๐‘” Total Solid Formula: ๐‘‡๐‘† ๐‘š๐‘”

( ๐ฟ ) =^

๐‘Š 2 โˆ’๐‘Š 1 ( ๐‘‰ 1 ) * 1000 ๐‘‡๐‘† ๐‘š๐‘”

( ๐ฟ ) =^

2609.5โˆ’2589.

( 15๐‘š๐ฟ ) *^

1000๐‘š๐ฟ 1๐ฟ = 1313. 33^ ๐‘š๐‘” ๐ฟ Total Solid= 1313.33 mg/L Task 2: Determination of total, volatile, and fixed suspended solids (TSS, VSS, and FSS) In this task, we begin by weighing the dish along with a glass fiber filter disc. We then place the filter in the appropriate area for filtration and wet it with 0.1mL of DI water. We filter a measured volume of sample and apply the vacuum to remove all trace amounts of water after the sample has passed through. The graduated cylinder must be cleaned after this, with suction still on for complete drainage. Once this is done, we remove the filter from the support and transfer it

to the aluminum dish and then dried at 103-105ยฐC for one hour after which we move to a desiccator to cool. We then weigh the dish, filter, and dried residue and record as our weight 4. To determine total volatile and fixed solids, we then place the dish, filter, and dried residue in the furnace at 550โ„ƒ for 20 minutes, after which it can cool in air partially. The weight of the dish, filter, and the dried residue is now recorded as weight 5. Weight 3-Dish+Filtered Glass (mg) Weight 4-Dish+Filtered Glass+Residue (mg) Weight 5- Dish at 550 o^ C (mg) Volume 2 of Sample (mL) 1437.1 1450.4 1438.9 100

Total Suspended Solid Formula: ๐‘‡๐‘†๐‘†

๐‘š๐‘”

๐‘Š 4 โˆ’๐‘Š 3

๐‘‡๐‘†๐‘† 133mg/L ๐‘š๐‘”

( ๐ฟ ) =^

1450.4โˆ’1437.

Volatile Suspended Solid Formula: ๐‘‰๐‘†๐‘†

๐‘š๐‘”

( ๐ฟ ) =^

๐‘Š 4 โˆ’๐‘Š 5

๐‘‰๐‘†๐‘† = 115mg/L

๐‘š๐‘”

1450.4โˆ’1438.

Fixed Suspended Solid Formula: ๐น๐‘†๐‘†

๐‘š๐‘”

๐‘Š 5 โˆ’๐‘Š 3

๐น๐‘†๐‘† = 18mg/L

๐‘š๐‘”

1438.9โˆ’1437.

Total Dissolved Solid Formula: TDS= TS-TSS

TDS= 1313.33-133= 1180.33mg/L

Sample TS TDS TSS VSS FSS Surface Water 1313.33mg/L 1180.33mg/L 133mg/L 115mg/L 18mg/L Discussion: Task 1: Total solids determination We measured the aluminum dish on the scale and got a reading of 2.5898 grams which was then converted to 2589.8 milligrams. Then, we used a pipette and added 15 mL of surface water into the aluminum dish. The dish was then placed into the oven and heated up to 104o^ C. After waiting for about 10-15 minutes, we took the dish out and let it cool down. After the dish has been cooled down, we measure the weight of the dish with the residue and got a reading of 2.6095 grams which were then converted to 2609.5 milligrams. Then, we calculate the total solid and get 1313.33mg/L. The results matched our expectation since the volume of water used was low which resulted in a high total solid value.

Conclusion: In this lab experiment, we were able to determine all the solid content of our water sample surface water. In the first task, we were required to take the weight before the sample was heated and set to cool down to determine the total solid. As for the results, we got the total solid to equal 1313.33 mg/L. In the 2nd task, we were required to determine the total, volatile, and fixed suspended solid. For the results, we managed to get 133 mg/L for the total suspended solids, 115 mg/L for the volatile suspended solid, and 18 mg/L for the fixed suspended solid. Finally, we used the equation TDS= TS-TSS to solve for the total dissolved solids and got 1180.33 mg/L. This lab is important because it allows us to learn the concentration of dissolved solids in water that help determine the flow of the water and can affect the cells of aquatic organisms. References: โ€œ5.8 Total Solids.โ€ EPA , Environmental Protection Agency, 6 Mar. 2012, archive.epa.gov/water/archive/web/html/vms58.html#:~:text=Total%20solids%20are% measured%20by,the%20beaker%20with%20the%20residue. Group Member Contribution: Erin Saul: The lead author for this lab, I also contributed by working on the introduction of this lab report. Guihang Chen: This member contributed to the lab report by working on the first task of the results and the discussion. Mariam Manukyan: This member contributed to the lab report by working on the second task of the results and discussion. Itay Ramirez: This member contributed to the lab report by working on the discussion questions and conclusion.