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Energy Trading Systems Exam 2
Questions and Correct Answers 2025
Graded A
28.)Know the processing methods and a cost method. - ANSProcessing: Field Processing (Cost Basis) & Plant Processing (Fee Basis) Cost? 36.)Know the parties at the supply point and at the demand point, contractually and physically. (Buyer, Seller, Transporter) - ANS36.)? Depending on the price of gas and the price of liquids, know when to process more and when to process less. - ANSWhen $ of liquid (increase) is above cost: process more When $ of liquid (decrease) is below cost: process less Know "Out of the Flow", and "Into the Flow". - ANSStorage Injection, imbalance out, sale and fuel retain are considered "Out of the Flow" Imbalance pay in, storage withdraw, and purchase are considered "Into the Flow".
Know all the charges and valuation related to storage. - ANSDemand Charge (Right to Capacity) Value of Commodity (Asset) The cost of the service: -Injection Fees / Fuel -Withdrawals Fees / Fuel -In-Place Fees -What is being charged for activity? Commodity charge -Charged based on rights? Demand charge Know all the parts of the processing plant. - ANSTypical Processing Plant Configuration: Wells, Inlet, Plant, Outlet, Demarc Pool -Where the gas comes out - outlet -Higher BTU - inlet Know that storage is - ANSInflow & Outflow
- Considered "Secondary Flow" Know the difference between storage gas and imbalances. - ANSStorage - intended/planned strategy: storage withdraws
3.)Pools 4.)Interconnects Know the name of the natural gas that is retained by Pipelines as fuel. - ANSTrip Fuel, Fuel or Fuel Use or dead value fuel Braden head gas, Oil well gas, Wet gas, Solution gas Know the names of three types of units referred to in the Transportation & Scheduling Process. - ANS1.)Nominated units - what the transport customer requests to be moved from Receipt to Delivery, what they ordered 2.)Confirmed Units - what the Receipt & Delivery side counter parties have confirmed 3.)Actual Units - what the pipeline meters have actually measured, received, and delivered Know the Overall Flow of the Natural Gas Supply Chain and how it works. - ANSSupply - Transport (pipeline) - Process - Storage (Inventory) - Demand Supply happens when oil is extracted out of the Earth, this happens in the southern states through horseheads, christmas trees or fracking.
Transportation happens via inter/intrastate pipelines Processing is required to conform to Industry Standards (Market Ready). There is Field Processing (Cost Basis), and Plant Processing (Fee Basis) Storage- There are about 123 natural gas storage operators in the United States, which control approximately 400 underground storage facilities. Demand can occur on a seasonal, or peak period of the year and must be pulled from storage when needed. Know the primary chemical component that is Natural Gas. - ANSMethane Know the primary Objectives of both Transportation Parties. - ANSDispatcher (pipeline) - safely, reliably, and efficiently manage (deliver) the flow of customer gas Scheduler (transport) - balance receipts to fuel to deliveries using the most cost effective paths Know the purpose of a Pool Transaction. - ANSThe practice of transporting multiple supplies from various points to one aggregated supply at a single point This aggregate supply point is called a logical pool and is used to simplify the scheduling process
FOFI- First Out First In(overdrawn on your bank account) WACOG- Weighted Average Cost of Goods Know the three phases of scheduled gas volumes and what they are called. - ANS1.)Nominated Units - What the transport customer requests be moved Receipt to Delivery. 2.)Confirmed Units - What the Receipt & Delivery side counterparties have confirmed. 3.)Actual Units - What the pipeline meters have actually measured received and delivered -(not sure if this is right, it's the only thing related on slides) -volume Know the Transaction Set of Storage. - ANSPhysical injection and fuel retained (maximum daily injection rate) Physical withdrawals and fuel retained (maximum daily withdrawal rate) Gas in-place (balance in storage)
Know the Transportation Players and what they do. - ANSPipeline Personnel (dispatcher) - manages the daily flow of all the customer's gas on each pipeline. Transport Customer (Scheduler) - manages the daily flow of its gas across multiple pipelines. Know the types of Physical Storage Facilities. - ANSDepleted oil & gas reservoirs Aquifers, salt caverns, mines Man-made tanks Know what a Processing Plant By-Pass is and how it is used. - ANSThe purchase and transport of natural gas by an end user through a direct connection and interstate pipeline, rather than the local distribution company (thereby avoiding LDC charges.) Raw natural gas that are non-market ready goes through the plant to become processed natural gas and market ready There is natural gas that goes around the plant within-market ready goes through the plant to become processed natural gas and market readyut being processed
-Memory mnemonic: CFFP Know where Processing Plants are located, closer to the Supply side or Demand side of the supply chain - ANSSouth and closer to supply side Transport (pipeline) closer to the supply side Storage (inventory) closer to the demand side Know whether there is fuel retained to process the gas. - ANSProcessing fuel Know which is the simplest of the four scheduling transactions. - ANSBuy/Sell - Simplest of the scheduling transactions, where the buy/sell are at the same point (no transport) -Sometimes used with a Masking Transport Contract , to conceal trading partners Know which of the four scheduling transactions cannot be linked with others - ANS1.)Buy / Sell SamePoint Links- Same Location No Transport 2.)Single-Leg Links-Two Locations Transport 3.)Pool Aggregations Links- Aggregation Transport (multi-leg transport)
4.)Interconnects Transfer Links-Interconnects Transfer Links (2 different pipes) Know which one of them aggregates the gas to a single point. - ANSPools - the practice of transporting multiple supplies from various points to one aggregated supply at a single point -This aggregate supply point is called a logical pool and is usually used to simplify the scheduling process Know which side of a Processing Plant has Higher Btu gas. - ANSInlet side -- not market ready gas, Raw natural gas
